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Sodium: Waters
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Sodium carbonate is a fairly strong, non-volatile base which is used in the manufacture of glass (55%), paper (5%), soap, and many other chemicals (25%). Sodium carbonate is ... called soda ash and washing soda. Sodium carbonate is used in laundry detergents as a softening agent. The carbonate ions from dissolved sodium carbonate precipitate magnesium and calcium ions from hard water. These metal ions would otherwise combine with soap or detergent and form an insoluble scum that would stain the laundered clothes.
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Sodium (Na) is the predominant cation in extra cellular fluid and its concentration is under tight homeostatic control. Excess dietary sodium is excreted in the urine. The kidney very efficiently reabsorbs the mineral when intakes are low or losses are excessive. Sodium consort with potassium, the chief cation of intracellular fluid, to maintain proper body water distribution and blood pressure. Sodium ... is important in maintaining the proper acid-base balance and in the transmission of nerve impulses.
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Sodium does not react with paraffin hydrocarbons but does form addition compounds with naphthalene and other polycyclic aromatic compounds and with arylated alkenes. The reaction of sodium with alcohols is similar to, but less rapid than, the reaction of sodium with water. Sodium reacts with organic halides in two general ways. One of these involves condensation of two organic, halogen-bearing compounds by removal of the halogen, allowing the two organic radicals to join directly. The second type of reaction involves replacement of the halogen by sodium, giving an organosodium compound. See ... Organometallic compound.
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Sodium levels may rise in unconscious patients because they can't drink water. Water is continually lost by evaporation from the lungs and in the urine; if the patient isn't given water intravenously, the sodium concentration in the blood may increase and hypernatremia could develop. Hypernatremia can alsooccur in rare diseases in which the thirst impulse is impaired. Hypernatremiaalso can occur accidentally in the hospital when patients are given solutions containing sodium.
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Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose is a cellulose ether gum and being anionic, it is a water-soluble polymer. It is supplied as granules, coarse and powder of white to cream colour and is available in varied grades and viscosity. It is an odorless, tasteless and non-toxic powder highly soluble in hot as well as cold water but stable towards hard water, alkalies, acids and certain electrolytes. However, multivalued metal ions and certain complex cations tend to precipitate sodium carboxy methyl cellulose from solution. The solution of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose has better resistance to microbiological attack as compared to many natural products.
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Sodium hydride, NaH, is a crystalline substance obtained directly from sodium and hydrogen at about 400°. It burns when heated in dry air, and ignites in moist air; it is decomposed by water, giving caustic soda and hydrogen. Dry carbon dioxide is decomposed by it, free carbon being produced; moist carbon dioxide, on the other hand, gives sodium formate.
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