LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Sodium: Sodium Chloride
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Sodium comes from the English word "soda" and from mideval Latin sodanum which means headache remedy. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth comprising 2.6% of the earth's crust. It is the most abundant of the alkali metals. It never exists in nature, but is prepared by electrolysis of absolutely dry fused sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is common table salt which is important in animal nutrition. Other important forms of sodium are soda ash(Na2CO3), baking soda (NaHCO3), Chili saltpeter (NaNO3) which is sodium nitrate.
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Sodium and chloride occur naturally in soils and waters, and are added by residential, commercial and industrial activity. Aquatic organisms and vegetation, including crops and roadside grasses, shrubs and trees, tolerate various concentrations of sodium and chloride. The following classification is used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to indicate the degree of hazard of saline soils to food crops. It is based on conductivity and salinity hazard. (Conductivity can be converted to approximate mg/L dissolved solids).
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Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in The Earth’s crust, which contains 2,83% of sodium in all its forms. Sodium is, after chloride, the second most abundant element dissolved in seawater. The most important sodium salts found in nature are sodium chloride (halite or rock salt), sodium carbonate (trona or soda), sodium borate (borax), sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate. Sodium salts are found in seawater (1.05%), salty lakes, alkaline lakes and mineral spring water.
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Sodium alginate works as a cold gelling agent that needs no heat to gel. It gels in the presence of calcium compounds. Most commonly used with calcium chloride to make caviar and spheres. It dilutes while cold with strong agitation. Heat is not needed to produce spherification. Sodium alginate can ... be used to produce foams.
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Sodium metal is produced commercially through the electrolysis of liquid sodium chloride. This is done in a Down's cell in which sodium chloride is mixed with calcium chloride to lower the melting point below 700 °C. As calcium is more electropositive than sodium, no calcium will be formed at the cathode. This method is less expensive than the previous method of electrolyzing sodium hydroxide.
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Sodium is a Periodic Table elemental metal with atomic number of 11. Sodium does not exist in nature except in its more stable compounds like sodium chloride (salt), or sodium carbonate. Sodium metal is typically produced by electrolysis of molten salt, yielding a light, lusterous, metal, similar to mercury’s silvery appearance when kept under inert nitrogen or argon atmosphere. Sodium metal is an extremely reactive chemical with water, alcohols, or most halogen-containing compounds... it is essential for safety of those handling Sodium to isolate it from all sources of water or those other chemicals with which it can react explosively. Most sodium reactions with other chemicals produce by-product hydrogen gas, which due to its explosion potential, can be destructive.
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Sodium Chloride