LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Sodium: Body
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Sodium urine concentrations must be evaluated in association with blood levels. Concentrations may mirror blood levels or be the opposite. The body normally excretes excess sodium, so the concentration in the urine may be elevated because it is elevated in the blood. It may ... be elevated in the urine when the body is losing too much sodium. In this case, the blood level would be normal to low. If blood sodium levels are low due to insufficient intake, then urine concentrations will also be low.
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Sodium is a mineral element and an important part of the human body. It controls the volume of fluid in the body and helps maintain the acid-base level. About 40% of the body's sodium is contained in bone, some is found within organs and cells and the remaining 55% is in blood plasma and other fluids outside cells. Sodium is important in proper nerve conduction, the passage of various nutrients into cells, and the maintenance of blood pressure.
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Sodium is essential to the body. It is a mineral that helps the body regulate fluid balance. Under certain conditions, excess sodium can cause the body to retain too much fluid. This could be harmful for people with conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. These conditions are often managed by reducing sodium in the diet. For many patients, restricting the total amount of sodium to 4 grams a day is enough to reduce harmful fluid retention.
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Sodium plays a major role in the maintenance of blood volume and blood pressure. It is ... needed for nerve transmission and muscle contraction. However, as valuable as sodium is, the body needs very little. The National Academy of Sciences indicates that the safe and adequate level for adults is approximately 1100-3300 mg of sodium daily. Many people consume two to three times this amount.
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Sodium is normally recycled in the body and it is only necessary to eat enough sodium to replace your daily losses. Sodium may be lost by the body through perspiration, secretions, and normal excretory functions. To replace this loss, it is recommended that most people eat no more than 1-3 grams of sodium per day. This is approximately the amount of sodium found in one-half to two-thirds teaspoon of table salt.
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Sodium balance in the body is well controlled via regulation of Na+ excretion by the kidneys. The kidneys respond to a deficiency of Na+ in the diet by decreasing its excretion, and they respond to an excess of Na+ by increasing its excretion in the urine. Physiological regulatory mechanisms for conservation of Na+ seem to be better developed in humans than mechanisms for excretion of Na+, and pathological states characterized by inappropriate retention of Na+ are more common than those characterized by Na+ deficiency.
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