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Social Intelligence
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Goleman's new book, Social Intelligence, has two themes. First, he situates emotional intelligence much more explicitly in the context of interpersonal relations. If the hallmark of the emotionally intelligent is awareness and regulation of the self, the hallmark of the socially intelligent is awareness of, and sensitivity toward, other people. Second, he ties his proposals concerning social intelligence to the burgeoning field of social neuroscience. Gardner drew primarily on findings from brain damage—noting, for example, what happens to a person with damage to the left, as compared to the right, hemisphere. Three decades later, Goleman is able to draw on the recent explosion of "imaging" studies in the field of social neuroscience.
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Self-awareness (intrapersonal intelligence), empathy and handling relationships (interpersonal intelligence) are essentially dimensions of social intelligence. See the Time magazine piece for an overview of emotional intelligence. Their article basically summarizes Daniel Goleman's Emotional Intelligence book in a few simple pages, interjecting other experts' opinions and pieces of research to lend to a more balanced critique of emotional intelligence. In addition, look st the piece on emotional intelligence from a Hindu newspaper article. It offers a more theoretical and historical perspective on emotional intelligence.
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Social intelligence is needed sometimes to cooperate with one's peers in the social group, and often to compete with them. All social mammals have some system of ranking within their groups - an ordering of individuals from the alpha male downwards, which is recognised by all members of the group and which has a crucial effect on who gets what resources, such as food, shelter and mates. Gaining high rank has great positive effects on fitness and reproductive potential; so all species have evolved in ways which help individuals compete for rank.
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There is a growing view that intelligence evolved as a product of social independence and that intelligence was linked to the use of spoken language. Taking as their starting-point the social production of intelligence and of language, scholars from a range of disciplines are beginning to rethink fundamental questions about human evolution, language and social institutions. In this volume, anthropologists, linguists, primatologists and pychologists come together to work on this new frontier of research.
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Social intelligence, says the centre, involves far more than just being nice. In fact an excessive need to please and be liked is considered to be socially unintelligent and is a specific derailment factor. Rather, social involves an intelligent balance:
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The immediate predecessor to the social-intelligence view of personality is Mischel's (1968, 1973) cognitive social-learning reconceptualization of personality. meaning that the stimulus has acquired for the subject. Assessing the acquired meaning of stimuli is the core of social behavior assessment" (p. 190). Thus, understanding individual differences in social behavior requires understanding individual differences in the meaning given to behavior, its outcome, and the situation in which it takes place.
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Social Intelligence