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Social Capital: Networks
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According to social capitalist Caira Nakasone, the ambiguity over the definition of Social Capital does not occur within the definition of “social” but in the doubt of “capital”. That is in the causal and more over “effective” nature of social networks which inhibits agreement over a concrete, measurable form of the theory.
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This is a shortened and edited version of a chapter on Social Capital Formation in Tanzania by Graham Hobbs an Assistant Research Fellow at the Economic and Social Research Foundation in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The piece was original published in Selected Studies of Civil Society in Tanzania: Policy, Social Capital and Networks of the Vulnerable, edited and compiled by Waheeda Shariff Samji and Alana Albee, UK-DFID, Dar es Salaam, September 2001. ISBN 186192 262
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Social Capital is ... distinguished from the economic theory Social Capitalism. Social Capitalism as a theory challenges the idea that Socialism and Capitalism are mutually exclusive. Social-Capitalism posits that a strong social support network for the poor enhances capital output. By decreasing poverty, capital market participation is enlarged.
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There has been a lack of research and theoretical development into social capital and mental health. Kawachi & Berkman (2001) have attempted to develop the concept by linking it to the social support and social networks literature. Studies of the geographies of mental health may ... provide guidance for theoretical development. The effects of social capital on mental illness are likely to be complex, and it is probably mistaken to assume that different types of psychiatric disorder share a common pattern of association with this exposure. Different processes may affect the geographical distribution of schizophrenia and non-psychotic disorders, particularly anxiety and depression (Dohrenwend et al, 1992). Notwithstanding the excess morbidity in urban compared with rural and semi-rural areas (Lewis & Booth, 1994), evidence is accumulating to suggest that the geographical variation in rates of schizophrenia are greater than those observed for the common mental disorders (Duncan et al, 1995; van Os et al, 2000).
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Social capital concerns the value of social relationships which are found in social networks, but networks can be used more generally to show the relationships and links between nodes. For example, networks can show which roads connect which towns, or which computers in a network are attached to which printers, or which websites have links out or links in to which other websites.
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Granted, there was little written in the field of networking and social capital 20 years ago (do a literature search—you'll see), but that is not the case today. There are hundreds of articles and many books on various facets of the area. A thorough bibliography of many of these articles and books can be found in the back of The World's Best Known Marketing Secret (Revised Edition). Networking is a field that is finally being codified and structured.
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