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Smallpox: Bedding
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Smallpox rash lesions in one part of the body tend to be at the same stage of development. (With chickenpox, it is common to have more than one eruption of pox lesions and on any one part of the body, there are lesions that are in different stages of maturation.)
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Smallpox is a member of the family poxviridae, subfamily chordopoxvirinae. The lifecycle of poxviruses is complicated by having multiple infectious forms, with differing mechanisms of cell entry. It is a large virus, with a double stranded DNA genome of about 200 kilobases, making it more complicated than many bacteria.
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Smallpox lesions appear on the skin over a 1- to 2-day period. Unlike a chickenpox rash, all smallpox lesions on the same part of the body change appearance at the same time, about every 1 to 2 days. Over a 2- to 3-week period, the rash progresses through the following stages: 2
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Smallpox came to the New World in the late 1400s and early 1500s, decimating native populations in the West Indies and continental Americas. During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the British intentionally gave smallpox-contaminated blankets to the Indians, resulting in an epidemic with a 50 percent mortality rate.
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Smallpox is caused by infection with variola virus, which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus, the family Poxviridae, and subfamily chordopoxvirinae. Variola virus is a large brick-shaped virus measuring approximately 302 to 350 nanometers by 244 to 270 nm,[11] with a single linear double stranded DNA genome consisting of 186 kilobase pairs (kbp) and containing a hairpin loop at each end.[12] The two classic varieties of smallpox are variola major and variola minor. The closest viral relative is molluscum contagiosum, which like smallpox, infects only humans. However, unlike variola species, molluscum infection is benign.
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Smallpox is classified as a Category A agent by the CDC. Category A agents are believed to pose the greatest potential threat for adverse public health impact and have a moderate to high potential for large-scale dissemination.
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