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Sioux Indians: Buffalo
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The Sioux Indians were mostly hunters, horsemen and warriors. Buffalo was the main food for the Sioux Indians. Keeping it fresh was very hard. It was dried and could then be stored for a long time. Some of the dried meat was pounded into powder and mixed with hot, melted buffalo fat and berries to form pemmican. Women collected berries in the summer. Some berries were eaten fresh but many were dried and stored so they could be used as dyes, food, and jewelry. The Sioux men ... hunted and ate deer, moose, elk, wolves, coyotes, lynx, rabbits, gophers, prairie chickens, and many other birds and small animals were also trapped.
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The importance of the buffalo (Totonka) to the Sioux Indians cannot be overstated. From spoons to tipis the buffalo provided virtually everything needed for their existence. Every part of the buffalo not used for food was put to good
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At one time, the Sioux Indians lived in tent-like homes called tepees. The tepee was the perfect home for the Sioux Indians because they moved frequently to follow the buffalo herds. The tepee was made from buffalo hides. Tepees were portable, easily moved, and could be put up in only three minutes. The women would put the tepees up while the men were out hunting. First, they would tie long poles together.
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The Sioux are very expert in making their lodges comfortable, taking more pains in their construction than most Indians. They are all of conical form: a framework of straight slender poles, resembling hop-poles, and from twenty to twenty-five feet long, is first erected, round which is stretched a sheeting of buffalo robes, softly dressed, and smoked to render them watertight. The apex, through which the ends of the poles protrude, is left open to allow the smoke to escape. A small opening, sufficient to permit the entrance of a man, is made on one side, over which is hung a door of buffalo hide. A lodge of the common size contains about twelve or fourteen skins, and contains comfortably a family of twelve in number. The fire is made in the centre immediately under the aperture in the roof, and a flap of the upper skins is closed or extended at pleasure, serving as a cowl or chimney-top to regulate the draught and permit the smoke to escape freely.
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