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Sinusitis
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Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses usually related to viral, bacterial or fungal infections. Allergic sinusitis is ... common. Inflammatory response to allergens results in edema and thickening of the mucous membrane. Usually the margins of the edematous mucosa have a scalloped appearance, but in severe cases, mucous may completely fill a sinus, making it difficult to distinguish an allergic process from infectious sinusitis. Characteristically, all of the paranasal sinuses are affected and the adjacent nasal turbinates are swollen. Air-fluid levels and bone erosion are not features of uncomplicated allergic sinusitis; however, swollen mucosa in a poorly draining sinus is more susceptible to secondary bacterial infection.
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Sinusitis (... known as rhinosinusitis) is an inflammation (swelling, redness, and pain) in the lining of the sinuses. The sinuses are roughly spherical holes in the bones of the face. They are located around the nose and in the skull. Each of these sinuses has an opening that leads to the passages in your nose that you breathe through.
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Sinusitis has its own localized pain signals, depending upon the particular sinus affected. Headache upon awakening in the morning is characteristic of sinus involvement. Pain when the forehead over the frontal sinuses is touched may indicate inflammation of the frontal sinuses. Infection in the maxillary sinuses can cause the upper jaw and teeth to ache and the cheeks to become tender to the touch. Since the ethmoid sinuses are near the tear ducts in the corner of the eyes, inflammation of these cavities often causes swelling of the eyelids and tissues around the eyes and pain between the eyes. Ethmoid inflammation ... can cause tenderness when the sides of the nose are touched, a loss of smell, and a stuffy nose.
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Sinusitis has its own localized pain centers. For example, if the frontal sinuses were affected then the pain signal would be generated above the eyebrows. If the maxillary sinus cavities were affected, then you would have pain and or tenderness over the cheek areas. Infections in the maxillary sinus cavities have ... been known to cause jaw and teeth tenderness. If the ethmoid sinuses are infected you could have pain and tenderness between the eyes. Ethmoid inflammation can also cause anosmia (loss of smell) and a stuffy nose.
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Sinusitis symptoms begin with fullness of the involved sinuses, nasal discharge and cold symptoms. The obstruction of the sinuses leads to a bacterial infection in the sinuses themselves. When this happens, symptoms typically become more severe and may include fever, chills, increased pain and tenderness over the involved sinuses. This is often accompanied by a thick, yellow/green and sometimes blood streaked nasal discharge. Sometimes the pain over the sinus changes in intensity with changes in position. There may ... be a loss of taste and smell, and aching of the upper teeth if the infection is severe.
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Acute Sinusitis is sudden in onset and lasts up to 4 weeks. The symptoms resolve completely and, once the disease has been treated, antibiotics are no longer needed. A strong history consistent with acute Sinusitis includes two or more major factors or one major and two minor factors. However, the finding of nasal purulence is a strong indicator of an accurate diagnosis. A suggestive history for which acute Sinusitis should be included in the differential diagnosis includes one major factor or two or more minor factors. In the absence of other nasal factors, fever or pain alone does not constitute a strong history.
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Sinusitis