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Sinusitis: People
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Sinusitis is one of the most common problems of the respiratory (breathing) system treated by GPs. It can affect people of any age, although children have very small or non-existent sinuses until the age of around five or six, so tend not to get sinusitis.
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Sinusitis, the inflammation of a sinus, particularly a paranasal sinus, may be caused by various agents such as viruses, bacteria, or allergy. Some people are predisposed to sinusitis because of inadequate drainage resulting from polyps or deviated septum; general debility; or dental abscess in maxillary bone.
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As noted above, allergies are the most common cause of chronic sinusitis. Inhalation of airborne allergens (foreign substances that provoke an allergic reaction), such as dust, mold, and pollen, often set off allergic reactions (allergic rhinitis) that, in turn, may contribute to sinusitis. People who are allergic to fungi can develop a condition called "allergic fungal sinusitis." As body cells react against these inhaled substances, they release chemical compounds, such as histamine, at the mucosal surface. These chemicals then cause the nasal passages to swell and block drainage from the sinuses, resulting in sinusitis.
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When sinusitis develops, the normal flow of mucous from the sinuses to the back of the throat is interrupted. The ostia become blocked by swollen mucous membranes causing mucous to be trapped in the sinuses. This trapped mucous makes the perfect home for bacteria and fungi that normally get swept down the throat and digested in the stomach. People with anatomical defects that block the ostia, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, often suffer from chronic sinusitis.
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Some studies indicate that people with sinusitis have environmental allergies. Although food allergies may ... contribute to the problem, some researchers believe food allergies only rarely cause sinusitis. If other treatment approaches are unsuccessful, people with sinusitis may choose to work with a nutritionist in order to evaluate what, if any, effect elimination of food and other allergens might have on reducing their symptoms.
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In earlier research from 2004, scientists from the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases exposed immune cells from patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy volunteers to four common types of fungi: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium. The studys findings suggested that some people who suffer from chronic sinusitis have an extreme immune and inflammatory response to fungi and may benefit from anti-fungal treatment.
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