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Shang Dynasty
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The Shang Dynasty was a period of great beginnings in Chinese civilization. Towns, collective agriculture and organized military activity appeared for the first time. In addition, the Chinese written language emerged in the Shang and provides an important historical context to the many artifacts unearthed from Shang tombs and other archaeological sites.
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In the Shang Dynasty, the construction of chariots represented one of the high technologies of the period. Everything from the selection of wood to the design and production of these vehicles was complex and precise in terms of processes and techniques used. In addition to the woodworking tradition, which had focused on carving since the Neolithic period, the production of chariot wheels ... required the development of wood-bending techniques. In order to ensure that the assembled structure would remain stable and hold together, precise calculations were needed along with tenon jointing techniques.
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The Shang dynasty used oracle bones to predict the future. The oracle bones were mosty animal bones or turtle shells. Characters would be inscribed into the bones, which were heated until they cracked, and the shamans predicted the future by studying the cracks.
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The Shang Dynasty inherited the tradition of astronomical phenomena observation. Many inscriptions on animal bones and tortoise shells discovered in Yin ruins record astronomical phenomena, including the description of the solar and lunar eclipses, stars, and the earliest record of new stars in the world.
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Three sets of weapons were excavated from Tomb 20 at Hsiao-t’un, offering superb evidence of the weapons and tools used by chariot soldiers in the Shang Dynasty. A complete set usually consisted of long-distance bows and arrows as well as defensive dagger axes, knives for a variety of functions, and a whetstone for sharpening. The knives and whetstones formed a set, including a jade loop to hang them.
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Shang Dynasty