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1. Shakespeare
   Shakespeare's standard poetic form was blank verse, composed in iambic pentameter. In practice, this meant that his verse was usually unrhymed and consisted of ten syllables to a line, spoken with a stress on every second syllable. The blank verse of his early plays is quite different from that of his later ones. It is often beautiful, but its sentences tend to start, pause, and finish at the end of lines, with the risk of monotony.[129] Once Shakespeare mastered traditional blank verse, he began to interrupt and vary its flow. This technique releases the new power and flexibility of the poetry in plays such as Julius Caesar and Hamlet. Shakespeare uses it, for example, to convey the turmoil in Hamlet's mind:[130]
2. Shakespeare -- Shakespeare's Play
   A workshop at the Bard's Globe Theatre in London provided new ideas that will enable Richard to share not only the text of Shakespeare's plays but the historical and cultural context in which the dramas were written and performed. Richard's participation in the workshop was made possible by a grant from The Fund for Teachers, an innovative new foundation with the goal of recognizing, stimulating and enhancing the experience of elementary and secondary teachers.
3. Shakespeare -- John Shakespeare
   The first collected edition of Shakespeare is the First Folio, published in 1623 and including all the plays except Pericles and The Two Noble Kinsmen (the latter play ... generally not appearing in modern editions). Eighteen of the plays exist in earlier quarto editions, eight of which are extremely corrupt, possibly having been reconstructed from an actor's memory. The first edition of Shakespeare to divide the plays into acts and scenes and to mark exits and entrances is that of Nicholas Rowe in 1709. Other important early editions include those of Alexander Pope (1725), Lewis Theobald (1733), and Samuel Johnson (1765).
4. Shakespeare -- Poems
   Shakespeare's first original poems were not dramatic. He was the creator of a peculiar species of narrative composition, which achieved an immediate popularity. Venus and Adonis, a beautiful but sensuous and pagan poem, "the first heir of his invention," was published in 1593. It was reissued in five several editions between the years 1593 and 1602; while the Rape of Lucrece, which so extols the virtue of the heroine as to seem a foil to the first poem, during nearly the same time appeared in three editions.
5. Shakespeare -- Spellings
   In the last few weeks of Shakespeare's life, the man who was to marry his younger daughter Judith -- a tavern-keeper named Thomas Quiney -- was charged in the local church court with "fornication." A woman named Margaret Wheeler had given birth to a child and claimed it was Quiney's; she and the child both died soon after. Quiney was disgraced, and Shakespeare revised his will to ensure that Judith's interest in his estate was protected from possible malfeasance on Quiney's part.
6. William Shakespeare
   William Shakespeare is the grand literary figure of the Western world. During England's Elizabethan period he wrote dozens of plays which continue to dominate world theater 400 years later. Shakespeare handled high drama, romance and slapstick comedy with equal ease, and so famous are his words that his quotes, from "To be or not to be" to "Parting is such sweet sorrow," take up more than 70 pages in the latest editions of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. His works rival the King James Bible (... produced in the 1600s) as a source of oft-quoted English phrases. Shakespeare is known as "the Bard of Avon," in a nod to his birthplace, and many of his plays were originally performed in the famous Globe Theater in London. Among his best-known plays are Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and MacBeth.
7. Shakespeare -- Plays
   Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians hero-worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry".[4] In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are consistently performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.
8. Macbeth of Scotland -- William Shakespeare
   Macbeth is based (very loosely) upon history, and Shakespeare discovered the story in Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (1577) by Raphael Holinshed. The life of Macbeth, the man, was first documented in the fourteenth century by John of Fordun, then again in the sixteenth century by Hector Boece (or Boyce), George Buchanan and John Leslie.
9. Hamlet -- Shakespeare's Hamlet
   Benefits of the Movie: "Hamlet" is probably the greatest play ever written. The interpretation suggested by this Learning Guide emphasizes Shakespeare's message about the moral and practical pitfalls of revenge. This analysis maximizes the play's relevance to teenagers by prompting them to work out their own feelings about "payback" (revenge). The background and discussion questions in this Guide will introduce the process of critical thinking about great works of literature.
10. Kabuki Theater -- Blending Shakespeare
    Chicago Shakespeare Theater presents Kabuki Lady Macbeth, conceived and directed by Shozo Sato, with original dramatic verse written by Karen Sunde, based on Shakespeare's story. Macbeth (Michael F. Goldberg-left) and Macduff (Anthony Starke-right) engage in a decisive battle. Photo credit: Michael Brosilow

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