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Sexology
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The Arztliche Gesellschaft fur Sexualwissenschaft und Eugenik (Medical Society for Sexology and Eugenics) was founded in Berlin on February 21, 1913 by Bloch, Hirschfeld and several other interested physicians. It was the first sexological society and, through its above-mentioned journal, it soon exercised a considerable national and international influence. Beginning with 15 founding members, the membership increased to over 100 within the first year. Also open to non-medical members with academic credentials, the society held monthly meetings, usually of more than 2 hours, in which papers were presented and discussed. Sigmund Freud, in Vienna, dismissed the society as a forum created especially for the mistaken ideas of Wilhelm Fliess, but this was a hasty and erroneous judgment. Although it is true that Fliess was an active participant, the personalities of the other members were much too strong to be dominated by a single view.
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Sexology is the science dealing with human and sexual behavior. Sexology is the study of human sexual relationships, sexual development, sexual intercourse, sexual abnormalities, sexual malfunctions, and sexual addictions. It inspects the medical, psychological, biological, statistical, and sociological aspects of sex. Sexology ... looks at the public aspects, such as birth control usage, public health, sexual abuse, and abortion. Sexology studies date all the way back to the 4th century AD with the writings of the Kama Sutra and other sexual texts.
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The Birth of Sexology was prepared to commemorate 75 years of Sexology (1908-1983) for the 6th World Congress of Sexology, May 22-27, 1983, Washington, DC. An exhibit was presented at the conference which consisted of 50 display boards, the first of which acknowledged the support of The Kinsey Institute for the project. The exhibit subsequently had a successful run in several countries, including Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland, before finding a permanent home in Shanghai, at the Shanghai Sex Sociology Research Center.
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Sexology remains a para-professional field that continues to have significant interactions with and influences upon popular perceptions of human sexuality. Its bilateral mission has been one of evangelization and amelioration. Nineteenth-century authors such as Krafft-Ebing and Hirschfeld pled for tolerance and understanding of behaviors such as homosexuality, which they believed were not socially harmful and which were in any case constitutional. They and others worked tirelessly to reform the German penal code to exonerate homosexuals from incurring a punishment for following an instinctual behavior pattern.
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The World Association for Sexology was founded in 1978 and has worked to further the understanding and development of sexology throughout the world. With approximately 80 member organizations and numerous individual memberships, representing over 25 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand, the WAS brings individuals and organizations together to share scientific information, form networks, and promote international and intercultural exchange.
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Sexology is a good example of the way science is intermingled with ambitions and shortcomings of people and society. A sexologist is a professional, usually a psychologist, physician or social worker, who is (accepted as) qualified to help people solve sexual problems, such as erectile or orgasmic dysfunction, pain or aversion during coitus, ejaculatory incompetence, etc. Over the last half-century or so, they have set up associations, which promote research, publish journals, regulate the quality of training and services rendered to the public, set up standards of conduct, strive for recognition, organize conferences, etc. There are handbooks, guidelines for the professionals, publications about specific topics, conventions, all kinds of research. In short, sexology seems to be a respectable and fully-fledged branch of science.
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