LYCOS RETRIEVER
Septic: Septic System
built 266 days ago
Septic shock is a [V]ery serious medical condition caused by decreased tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery as a result of infection and sepsis. It can cause multiple organ failure and death. Its most common victims are children, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly, as their immune systems cannot cope with the infection as well as healthy adults are able. The mortality rate from septic shock is approximately 50%.
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Septic arthritis occurs when some type of infecting organism, most often bacteria, reaches a joint. Bacteria can get into a joint through the bloodstream, or through surgery, an injection, or injury that directly contaminates the joint. The cause of septic arthritis in babies and young children is usually staphylococci, hemophilus influenzae, and gram-negative bacilli. In adults and older children, septic arthritis is more commonly caused by gonococci, staphylococci, and streptococci. Mycobacteria, which causes tuberculosis, and the bacteria that causes Lyme disease can ... cause septic arthritis. Intravenous drug users and people with diseases that weaken the immune system, such as HIV, are more likely to have septic arthritis caused by gram-negative bacteria.
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Septic shock results from the systemic immune response to infection or trauma, often leading to multi-organ failure and death. It is estimated that the number of septic shock patients in the US and China are 600,000 and 2 million per year, respectively, with a mortality rate of about 50%.
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Septic shock is caused by cytokines (substances made by the immune system to fight an infection (see Biology of the Immune System: Cytokines) and by the toxins produced by some bacteria. These substances cause the blood vessels to widen (dilate), which results in a drop in blood pressure. Consequently, blood flow to vital organs—particularly the kidneys and brain—is reduced. This reduction in blood flow occurs despite the body's attempts to compensate by increasing both the heart rate and the volume of blood pumped. Eventually, the toxins and the increased work of pumping weaken the heart, resulting in a decreased output of blood and even poorer blood flow to vital organs. The walls of the blood vessels may leak, allowing fluid to escape from the bloodstream into tissues and causing swelling.
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Septic arthritis can strike any age group, including infants and children. In adults, it most commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knee, while in children it is more common in the shoulders, hips, and knees. Risk factors include patients diagnosed with chronic rheumatoid arthritis, certain systemic infections, certain types of cancer, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IV drug abusers and alcoholics, and patients with artificial (prosthetic) joints. Patients with recent joint injuries or surgery, or patients receiving medications injected directly into a joint are ... at a greater risk for developing septic arthritis. Typically, women and male homosexuals are at greater risk for septic arthritis than are male heterosexuals.
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