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September 11: Attacks
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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, have become an event of world history, which is explored by historians, museum specialists, archivists, librarians, and other scientists. Exhibitions aim at keeping alive the memory of the thousands of victims, recollections are collected in archives, museums store the relics of the attacks retrieved from the rubble of the collapsed Twin Towers, from the rubble of the points of impact at the Pentagon Building and in Pennsylvania. On the Internet too 9/11 is a day of remembrance. At numerous private and "official" websites the victims of the attacks are remembered. In 2002 H-Museum made 9/11 the subject of its "Current Focus". One year after the event a comprehensive survey was given of how the terrorist attacks had been reflected in the remembrance culture of the media as well as in the field of museums and archives.
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From an incentive standpoint, the September 11 attacks shifted the risk-reward ratio in the U.S. economy. Not only were risks (from business disruption and losses) higher, but rewards were lower due to rising security costs. Following so closely on the heels of a sharp downturn in manufacturing activity, a recession, and a collapse in stock prices, the shift in investment incentives was cause for great alarm.
The Greater Williamsburg Chamber & Tourism Alliance has planned its first "Freedom Walk and 9/11 Remembrance" event for 5:15 p.m. on Tuesday, September 11, 2007. The U.S. Defense Department has encouraged or sponsored Freedom Walks in places across the country since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The chamber is inviting people to join in a march down Duke of Gloucester Street starting at Merchants Square. Participating groups will include the Colonial Williamsburg Fifes and Drums. Organizers plan to recognize first responders and put on a musical program at CW's Capitol building.
On Tuesday, 11 September 2001, nineteen members of the Islamic terrorist group Al Qaeda perpetrated a devastating, deadly assault on the United States, crashing airplanes into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, killing thousands. The attacks shattered Americans' sense of security, threw the nation into a state of emergency, and triggered a months-long war in Afghanistan and an extended worldwide "war on terrorism."
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Consumer behavior may have changed, but the overall pace of spending was barely affected by the September 11 attacks. Part of the reason for this was the quick reaction by the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates three times in late 2001. By pushing the federal funds rate down to 1.75 percent, the Fed virtually guaranteed a brisk increase in economic activity in mid-2002. In addition, the interest rate cuts prior to the attacks were ... beginning to lift the economy after the normal lags.
Ground zero on September 11, 2001, mid-day. Emergency vehicles of the first responders have been destroyed, and fires can be seen in the immediate area. On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court directed by judge Baltazar Garzon sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years of imprisonment for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and as part of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda. At the same time, another 17 Al Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between 6 and 12 years.[90][91] On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.[92]
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