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Semen
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Semen analysis is an initial step in investigating why a couple has been unable to conceive a child. Abnormalities of sperm and semen can cause male infertility. Semen is the thick yellow-white male ejaculate containing sperm. Sperm are the male sex cells that fertilize the female egg (ovum). They contain the genetic information that the male will pass on to a child.
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Semen is the fluid that a man ejaculates. This fluid is produced at several different sites. The sperm within the semen are the cells that actually fertilize the egg and are therefore the most important to assess. However, the sperm account for only 1-2 % of the semen volume. Problems with the surrounding fluid may ... interfere with the movement and function of the sperm. Therefore, both the sperm and the fluid must be tested.
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Semen analysis has comparatively limited predictive value for the ability of the individual to achieve pregnancy. Additionally, 10-20% of infertile couple will not have any abnormalities. In order to enhance the diagnostic power of semen analysis, new tests have been developed to identify functional defects and fertilizing potential of the sperm. The clinical data to support their use are not conclusive.
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Semen has three fractions or parts. The first fraction of the ejaculate, called the pre-ejaculate fluid, ranges in volume from 0.1 to 1.0 ml. The second part is the sperm-rich fraction, which is generally from 0.1 to 6 ml, depending on the size and breed of the dog. The third fraction is the prostatic fluid, which normally ranges from 1.0 to 20.0 ml.
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Semen specimens are usually sold in vials or units. One vial/unit is enough for a single insemination. The cost varies depending on whether you want standard (ICI/cervical insemination), prewashed (IUI/uterine insemination) or IVF (in-vitro fertilization). Prewashed costs a little more, typically $50-150 more per unit), but may offers a better chance of pregnancy because the sperm are inserted directly into the uterus. IVF is cheapest. Most labs/clinics can wash semen for you (for a fee), so if you find a donor you like, you can probably have his sperm washed for IUI if it isn't already.
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Semen from a mature male is usually a milky or pearly-white color. It is not uncommon to see a yellowish tint to the semen if you've abstained from ejaculation for a while. Semen colored with red streaks may signify blood. If you occasionally see a bit of blood it's not necessarily a cause for alarm, but if you see a lot of it, or if it persists, the condition should be brought to the attention of your physician. The same goes any other drastic color changes, which may indicate infection.
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Semen