LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Sectarianism
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Sectarianism is not a new issue in Lebanon. The disintegrative factors in society preceded the creation of modern Lebanon in 1920. Before that date, historical Lebanon, or Mount Lebanon, was shared primarily between the Druzes and the Maronites. The two communities, distinguished by discrete religious beliefs and separate cultural outlooks, did not coexist in peace and harmony. Rather, the Druzes and Maronites often engaged in fierce battles over issues ranging from land ownership, distribution of political power, foreign allegiances, and petty family feuds. At least twice in the last century, the conflicts between the two confessional communities developed into full-scale civil wars, which were only ended by the intervention of foreign powers.
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Sectarianism is a global problem, not just a Northern Ireland one. These teacher's notes enable pupils to take a look at the situation in India. There is one lesson plan for Key Stage 3 and the other is for Key Stage 4.
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In his Culture of Sectarianism, Ussama Makdisi conceives sectarianism as a modern phenomenon, one that emerged with the Ottoman Tanzimat in the 1840s, and concurrently with the European interventions in the internal affairs of "the sick man of Europe" that followed. It is this cut between the old and the new, or the pre-reforms and the Tanzimat, that structures not only the major thesis of the book itself, but many of the narratives that the author uses in support of his thesis. Makdisi would ... like to present an historical and dynamic view of sectarianism, at least one that does not lock the various Lebanese confessional communities into permanent ahistorical and religious conflicts whose essence would be in some presupposed "tribalism" of those Arab milal. Thus, besides being an outcome of the reform policies, sectarianism "is a discourse that is scripted as the Other to various competing Ottoman, European, and Lebanese narratives of modernization" (p. 6). The assumption here is that the Ottoman imperial bureaucracy, European governments, their protégés and consuls (in particular the British and French), and the Lebanese élite muqata'ji families (in particular the Maronites), all created discourses of modernity, and even though different, they still overlapped with one another in that they all construed Mount Lebanon as a region of archaic and sanguine conflicts, described in terms of "tribes" and "religions" with never ending conflicts.
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Sectarianism originally referred to the splintering and factionalism within a particular religion. Now it ... applies to any inter-religious conflict as in Ireland. A sect was originally a church organization with specific views.
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Sectarianism is present in all races. It dates back to the fifteenth century and is dividing at best. Wherever religious sectarians compete, religious sectarianism is found in varying forms and degrees. In some areas, religious sectarians (for example Protestant and Catholic Christians in the United States) now exist peacefully side-by-side for the most part. In others, some nominal Catholics and Protestants have been in fierce conflict – one recent example of this was in Northern Ireland, although the conflict was condemned by all Catholic and most Protestant leaders. Within Islam, there has been conflict at various periods between Sunnis and Shias; certain Sunni sects inspired by Wahhabism and other ideologies have declared Shias (and sometimes mainstream Sunnis) to be heretics and/or apostates
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Sectarianism is an absolute disgrace on the Scottish scene. It is purposely divise,to say the least. Without the organisation and structure of the Old Firm it could not flourish. Which Government would have the bottle to tackle it properly? Why not force and amalgamation, forcing "Glasgow United" to wear a blue and green strip and if any team tried to start up again on sectarian grounds come down hard on them?
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