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Second Punic War
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The Second Punic War was fought between Carthage and Rome from 218 to 204 BC. It was the second of three major wars fought between the Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Roman Republic, then still confined to the Italian Penninsula.
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Rome won the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict and in the end replaced Carthage as the dominant naval power of the Mediterranean. In the aftermath of the war, both states were financially and demographically exhausted. To determine the final borders of their territories, they drew what they considered a straight line across the Mediterranean. Hispania, Corsica, Sardinia and Africa remained Carthaginian. All that was north of that line was signed over to Rome. Rome's victory was greatly influenced by its persistent refusal to admit defeat and by accepting only total victory.
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The Third Punic War, 149รข€“146 B.C., originated, like the others, in a deliberate Roman aggression, the result of agitation by Cato the Elder for the destruction of Carthage. Charging Carthage with a technical breach of treaty in resisting the encroachment of the Numidian king Masinissa (a Roman ally), Rome declared war and blockaded the city. Carthage never surrendered. The younger Scipio (Scipio Africanus Minor) conquered it, house by house, and sold the surviving inhabitants into slavery. The city was razed and its site plowed up.
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The Fourth Macedonian War came to a conclusion in 146, the same year as the Third Punic War. Rome by now was more than capable of carrying on wars on multiple fronts, at least if they were not too large. She was a true imperial power.
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During the period of the Punic Wars the decision making role of the patricians was challenged by the ever growing number of plebeians, the commoners of Ancient Rome. They used to congregate outside the walls in the then almost empty space of Campus Martius; the importance of these meetings was eventually acknowledged by the Senate through the building of a circus where the plebeians could meet and discuss in a more structured way (the patricians made use of Circus Maximus). The circus was named Flaminius after the Consul Gaius Flaminius Nepos who was in charge when in 221 the circus was built.
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Hamilcar hated Rome and longed to be the man who would avenge the shame of the First Punic War. As the years went by... he began to realize it was not fated for him, and he taught his son both his skill in battle and his hatred of Rome.
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Second Punic War