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Second Punic War: Armies
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As Sicily was a hilly island, with geographical obstacles and a terrain where lines of communication are difficult to maintain, land warfare played a secondary role in the First Punic War. Land operations were mostly confined to small scale raids and skirmishes between the armies, with hardly any pitched battle. Sieges and land blockades were the most common operations for the regular army. The main targets of blockading were the important naval ports, since neither of the belligerent parties were based in Sicily and both needed a continuous supply of reinforcements and communication with the mainland.
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The Punic Wars were arguably the most significant armed struggle in all of antiquity. Over the course of more than a century the two most powerful nations in the Mediterranean battled for supremacy. The forces involved, and the casualties suffered by both sides, were far greater than in any wars fought before modern times. The outcome of the wars was even greater. For Carthage it meant total destruction. For Rome it meant rising from a regional power to become the dominant military force that would rule Europe and North Africa for hundreds of years to come.
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The Iberian Peninsula was one of the main theatres of war during the clash between Rome and Carthage known as the Second Punic War (218 BC-201BC), especially the coastal country near the Mediterranean Sea. This area, populated by the Iberian people, was the main source of wealth and manpower for the armies of the Barcid family.
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The Metaurus River was the last significant battle in Italy of the Second Punic War. From 207 onward, Hannibal's only thought was how to preserve his army and how to preserve Carthage itself.
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