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Scientific Method: Scientists
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A close approximation of the scientific method most commonly used by physical scientists today was the methodology followed by Galileo in his study of falling bodies. Observing that heavy objects fall with increasing speed, he formulated the hypothesis that the speed attained is directly proportional to the distance traversed. Being unable to test this directly, he deduced from his hypothesis the conclusion that objects falling unequal distances require the same amount of elapsed time. This was a false conclusion, and hence, logically, the first hypothesis was false. Therefore Galileo framed a new hypothesis: that the speed attained is directly proportional to the time elapsed, not the distance traversed. From this he was able to infer that the distance traversed by a falling object is proportional to the square of the time elapsed, and this hypothesis he was able to verify experimentally by rolling balls down an inclined plane (take PHY 106 and see for yourself).
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Evolution is both fact and theory, and is based on the scientific method that first involves proposing a hypothesis and then testing the accuracy of the proposed hypothesis by collecting data on events that the hypothesis predicts. If the predictions made match the new data that is collected, then the hypothesis is supported. As the scientific method is continually repeated independently by other scientists, the best supported hypothesis ultimately becomes a theory that is accepted by the scientific community to be correct.
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What has been called idealised scientific method in this article is one of many theories describing the way in which science works or should be conducted. These include hypothetico-deductive method, falsification, the research programs of Imre Lakatos, and the scientific revolutions of Thomas Samuel Kuhn. Whilst the idealised method is a description often presented to novice scientists, and as such carries great sway, it seems reasonable to ask how accurate it is in portraying the actual procedures followed by working scientists.
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This is an interactive lab that teaches what the scientific method is, how scientists and others follow this method. The second part of the lab shows how the scientific method applies to the history of astronomy. Click the image below to launch the activity.
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Learning about the scientific method is almost like saying that you are learning how to learn. You see, the scientific method is the way scientists learn and study the world around them. It can be used to study anything from a leaf to a dog to the entire Universe.
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Each element of a scientific method is subject to peer review for possible mistakes. These activities do not describe all that scientists do (see below) but apply mostly to experimental sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry). The elements above are often taught in the educational system.[22]
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