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Saxony: East Germany
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Geographically, Saxony can be divided into two distinct regions. The north and western areas are part of the North German Lowland; the land is typically low-lying, flat, or slightly undulating. The south and western parts of the state lie within the Central German Uplands region, and towards the south, the terrain becomes gradually more mountainous. Much of the southern border with the Czech Republic is formed by mountain ranges, including the Erzgebirge, the Elstergebirge, and the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The Erzgebirge Range extends from Bavaria to the River Elbe; the range is about 130 km (80 mi) long and 40 km (25 mi) wide and includes Fichteberg, the highest elevation in the state, with an altitude of 1,214 m (3,983 ft) above sea level. Important waterways include the Elbe, which crosses the state from south-east to north-west, the Spree, which flows from south to north in eastern Saxony, and the Neisse, which forms part of the state’s eastern boundary with Poland.
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Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen) is a federal state of Germany. Its capital is Dresden, while the largest city in Saxony is Leipzig. Saxony has an area of 18,417.16 km²[1] and a population of 4.236 millions[2]. In the history
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From the days when silver was mined in the Erzgebirge in mediaeval times, Saxony was one of the economically most developed regions of Germany. This trend was sustained through industrialisation and two World Wars. In the days of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Saxony’s three administrative regions contributed 40% of the country’s industrial production.
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Saxony, a fertile upland, lies at the very heart of the European continent; its main river, the Elbe, is eastern Europe's most direct trade route to the Atlantic Ocean. During the Middle Ages, rich deposits of silver, tin, copper, iron, and semi- precious gems were discovered in Saxony's mountainous south; with these mineral resources, Saxony developed into an early center of craftsmanship and light industry. The Saxon monarchs took great pride in their title of "elector," as only seven Germanic rulers held the privilege of electing the Holy Roman Emperor.
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Saxony borders on (from the east and clockwise) Poland, the Czech Republic and the German states of Bavaria, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg. Its capital is Dresden, and the other principal cities are Leipzig, Chemnitz and Zwickau. Since 1989 the state and its urban centres have lost population through migration to the former West Germany.
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With an area of 20,447 km� and a population of 2.6 million, Saxony-Anhalt (German Sachsen-Anhalt) is one of the new German Bundesl�nder (federal states) included until 1990 in East Germany. The capital is Magdeburg.
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