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Saxony: East Germany
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The largest rivers in Saxony are Elbe, Spree, Neiße and Mulde. All four rivers cross Saxony from south to north. The Neiße is Germany's and ... Saxony's border to Poland. The ore mountains, the largest mountain range in the state, lie on its southern border to the Czech Republic.
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The population of the province of Saxony in 1905 was 2,979,221, an average of 305 persons to the square mile; they were almost equally divided between urban population and rural. There were 2,730,098 Protestants, 230,860 Roman Catholics and 8050 Jews. The bulk of the inhabitants are of unmixed German stock, but many of those in the east part have Wendish blood in their veins.
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With a population of over 4 million and the most vibrant economy among the former GDR states, Saxony has much to offer. The state owes much of its strong economy to the three major cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz, which together once formed one of the most important industrial centers in Germany.
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Saxony has a long history as a duchy, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire (the Electorate of Saxony), and eventually as a kingdom (the Kingdom of Saxony). Its monarchy was overthrown in 1918 and a republican form of government was established under its current name subsequent to Germany's defeat in World War I. Abolished during communist rule, it was re-established at 3 October 1990 during the re-unification of East and West Germany.
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Like catnip for culture lovers, Saxony beckons visitors to southwest Germany with museums, musical events and artisans. The state capital, Dresden, is home to the restored Frauenkirche church and the eye-popping Zwinger museum, both showcases of 18th-century Baroque architecture. Music reigns in Leipzig, where Bach and Mendelssohn's former residences are now museums. Visit Meissen for its wines and signature porcelain. Castles adorn the central Saxony landscape, inspiring hiking and cycling tours.
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In all, Saxony currently boasts 25 universities and colleges with 103,003 students (winter semester 2003/4). In addition to the 15 state universities under the aegis of the Ministry of Science and the Fine Arts, two are under the wing of the Ministry of the Interior and eight are run privately. Saxon universities provide a high level of education, and their graduates are very much in demand, and not only in Saxony. In the course of restructuring after the demise of the East German university system, what once were 22 state universities have become four universities, an international graduate school, five art academies and five technical colleges.
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