LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Saskatchewan: Southern Saskatchewan
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Saskatchewan is a leading agricultural province. On its southern prairies farmers raise more than half of Canada's wheat crop each year. In the irrigated areas of the southeast, they produce oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, canola, peas, potatoes, and hay. Beef cattle are raised in the extreme southwest. In the Central Parkland grain and livestock are raised.
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Saskatchewan is a province of Canada. About 1 million people live in Saskatchewan. Most of its population lives in the southern part of the province. The primary industry in Saskatchewan is agriculture (farming), and the province is recognized by its wide horizons that stretch for miles (the land is really flat in the south, so you can see a very far way). There is a joke about the flat land in Saskatchewan: "My dog ran away last week." (The joke teller gazes out at the horizon.) "Yep, look at him go." Not all the land is flat prairie.
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Saskatchewan contains portions of two major physiographic divisions, or natural regions: the Canadian Shield in the north and the Interior Plains in the south. The Canadian Shield, a rugged, rocky, glacier-scoured region, makes up about 40 percent of the surface area of the province. Its southern edge begins north of the Saskatchewan River at the Manitoba border and can be traced roughly west-northwest across the province, through Lac La Ronge to the Alberta boundary south of Lake Athabasca. The shield is a complex area of old rocks, which are the eroded roots of ancient mountain ranges. In more recent geologic time, great glaciers moved across the shield, modifying its surface. The result is a low rippled surface, dotted with lakes and poorly drained tracts of land.
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Until 1870, most of Saskatchewan was included in the vast Rupert’s Land domain of the Hudson’s Bay Company, which had a monopoly on the North American fur trade. Before 1880 the area was exploited mainly for animal pelts. Only when the railroads came through the prairies in the 1880s did settlers begin coming to Saskatchewan in any numbers. These early pioneers settled the flatlands of central and southern Saskatchewan in scores of tiny rail-side towns, strung out at 13-km (8-mi) intervals along the railroad routes. The excellent soils of the southern prairies enabled Saskatchewan to become the largest producer of wheat in Canada. Saskatchewan, which became a province in 1905, has ... prospered with the discovery of petroleum, natural gas, coal, potash, uranium, and other valuable minerals.
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Potash is used primarily in fertilizers, and about 25 percent of the world production comes from Saskatchewan. Potash is the largest mining sector in the province and is produced from 10 mines spread across southern Saskatchewan. It is sold within Canada and to the United States, Japan, China, India, Brazil, and countries in Southeast Asia. Other minerals produced in Saskatchewan include salt, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, and clays.
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The Trans-Canada Highway (Highway #1) runs across the southern portion of the province (including Regina and Moose Jaw), connecting Saskatchewan to Alberta and Manitoba. Similarly, the Yellowhead Highway (Highway #16) bisects the central part of the province, running through Saskatoon and North Battleford. There are a number of US-Canada border crossings in the south, on the highways running between the two countries.
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Southern Saskatchewan