LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Salmonella
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Salmonella organisms are gram-negative bacilli in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellar structure generate the antigenic variation that is reflected in the more than 2,000 known serotypes. The principal reservoirs for nontyphoidal Salmonella organisms are poultry, livestock, reptiles, and pets. The mode of transmission is ingestion of foods of animal origin, including poultry, red meats, unpasteurized milk, and eggs that have been contaminated by infected animals or an infected human. Contact with infected reptiles, such as iguanas, pet turtles, and tortoises, and ingestion of contaminated water are other modes of transmission.
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Salmonella is more prevalent in dairy cattle than one might realize. A 1991-92 study conducted by the U.S.D.A. National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) found that 20.5 of every 1,000 or 2 percent of dairy calves in the Midwest tested positive for Salmonella. A NAHMS study conducted in 1996 revealed that during the warmer, moister months of the year 11 percent of all cows on dairy farms in the United States were shedding Salmonella. The number of positive cows was less than 2 percent during winter months. The 11 percent of dairy cows shedding during warmer, moister months represented 38.2 percent of U.S. dairy farms.
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Pets with Salmonella infections may be lethargic and have diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. Some pets will have only decreased appetite, fever and abdominal pain. Well animals can be carriers and infect other animals or humans. If your pet has consumed the recalled product and has these symptoms, please contact your veterinarian.
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Physical: Patients with Salmonella gastroenteritis typically have a self-limiting fever (38-39°C) within 48 hours of ingestion. A prolonged persistent fever (4-8 wk in untreated individuals) that increases daily (as high as 41°C) suggests typhoid fever. Nontyphoidal gastroenteritis is generally limited to diarrhea, although typhoid (enteric) fever may present with both gastrointestinal and skin manifestations (ie, rose spots). The following organ systems may be involved with Salmonella infection:
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During August and September 2002, a Salmonella Newport outbreak affected the East Coast. Ultimately, over 404 confirmed cases were identified, in over 22 states. Epidemiological analysis indicated that tomatoes were the most likely vehicle, and were traced back to the same tomato packing facility in the mid-Atlantic region.
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Some Salmonella can survive in cells of the immune system and can reach the bloodstream causing blood infection (bacteremia). Other Salmonella spp can enter the gall bladder leaving the affected patient a chronic carrier of the organisms. Salmonella can then be shed with the bile from the gall bladder into the feces and then may infect other people. Perhaps the most famous such carrier, the first to be identified in 1907, was a cook named Mary Mallon... known as "Typhoid Mary." She was suspected of infecting hundreds of individuals.
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