LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Russian Revolution of 1917: Socialism
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The Mensheviks believed that since the revolution to overthrow Tsarism was needed to allow the development of capitalism the Russian bourgeoisie should lead this struggle. The role of the working class was to support the liberal bourgeoisie in establishing a democratic republic. At some later date, as capitalism matured, the working class would begin its struggle for socialism. The Menshevik view was best summarised by one of its leaders Martynov:
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Alexander Herzen (1812-1870), seen by many as the father of Russian socialism, was a friend and admirer of the French revolutionary Proudhon, who viewed himself as a Christian socialist. Proudhon worked intermittently all his adult life on a never completed study of the original teachings of Jesus Christ. Herzen ... paid special attention to Russia’s persecuted religious sectarians. He printed a special supplement for the Old Believers, the mystic Christian traditionalists who had been driven out of the Russian Orthodox Church. Nicholas Chernyshevsky, another Russian socialist thinker of the nineteenth century, wrote an article in praise of the “fools for Christ’s sake” and defended members of the spiritual underground.
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If the Russian Revolution was to be viewed within a national framework then there was no foundation for a perspective aimed at the conquest of political power by the working class. This was because the economy was far too backward and underdeveloped for the construction of socialism.
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