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Romanticism: Unit
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The place of Romanticism outside of literature is harder to assess. Unitarianism shared many characteristics with the transcendentalist movement it spawned, particularly its distaste for the stern Calvinist image of God, and its support for liberal political reform. It was less comfortable... with Emersonian notions of the divinity in man, and openly opposed the transcendentalists' rejection of both the Holy Trinity and Christ's miracles. More generally, the religious intensity of the mid-century can be seen as broadly Romantic, and in fact transcendentalism has frequently been read as a more secular form of the revivalism that swept the Midwest and the "burned-over" district of upstate New York. Here the shifting allegiances of the Beecher family may be taken as representative. Firmly grounded in a Calvinist tradition of fire-and-brimstone preaching, Lyman Beecher openly rejected the "icy" rhetoric of Boston Unitarianism.
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Annotation: This lesson is the ninth in the Romanticism unit, the fourth unit in the full course sequence for American Literature. Longfellow is one of the enduring names in American poetry. He, along with Robert Frost, is frequently referred to as the most popular poet America ever produced. Who was this poet who reached this status? In this lesson, students research the life and times of Longfellow and create and Author Fast Fact Sheet.
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Ever since A. O. Lovejoy explained the importance of "discriminating among" the strands, scholars have resisted treating "Romanticism" as a single unified historical movement. Without minimizing this variety... it is still possible to identify some emphases common to western Romanticisms, whether in the United States, England, or on the continent, especially in France and Germany. All celebrate the importance of the individual. Most represent human potential in terms of an organic link with the natural world. Many depict this capacity for human growth as the triumph of the intuitive over the methodical and rational. Some suppose that individual self-culture will lead to social progress, even political revolution.
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Annotation: This lesson is the sixth in the Romanticism unit, the fourth unit in the full course sequence for American Literature. This poem is one of Longfellow's most famous works. He uses an image from nature to explain the grief he feels over the loss of his wife. In this lesson, students interact with and annotate the text of the poem.
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