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Roman Gaul
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The pre-Christian religious practices of Roman Gaul were characterized by syncretism of Graeco-Roman deities with their native Celtic, Basque or Germanic counterparts. In many cases, this took place by interpreting indigenous gods in Roman terms, such as with Lenus Mars or Apollo Grannus. Otherwise, a Roman god might be paired with a native goddess, as with Mercury and Rosmerta. In at least one case – that of the equine goddess Epona – a native Gallic goddess was ... adopted by Rome.
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Roman Gaul consisted of an area of provincial rule in the Roman Empire, in modern day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and western Germany. Roman control of the area lasted for 600 years. The Roman Empire began its takeover of what was Celtic Gaul in 121 BC, when it conquered and annexed the southern reaches of the area. Julius Caesar completed the task by defeating the Celtic tribes in the Gallic Wars of 58-51 BC and the romanisation was quick and large; Latin was spoken by a majority of Gauls in the first century AD but with some remains of the Gallic language. Following the Frankish defeat of the Romans at the Battle of Soissons in AD 486, Gaul came under the rule of the Merovingians, the first kings of France.
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Lyon, the capital of Roman Gaul, is now the site of a Museum of Gallo-Roman Civilization (rue Céberg), associated with the remains of the theater and odeon of Roman Lugdunum. Visitors are offered a clear picture of the daily life, economic conditions, institutions, beliefs, monuments and artistic achievements of the first four centuries of the Christian era. The "Claudius Tablet" in the Museum transcribes a speech given before the Senate by the Emperor Claudius in 48, in which he requests the right for the heads of the Gallic nations to participate in Roman magistracy. The request having been accepted, the Gauls decided to engrave the imperial speech on bronze.
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Encounters in Roman Gaul was co-produced by Pointe-à-Callière, the Montréal Museum of Archaeology and History, and the museums of Roman Gaul in Lyon-Fourvière and Saint-Romain-en-Gal/Vienne, Département du Rhône. The exhibition received financial support from the Department of Canadian Heritage, under the France-Canada agreement and the Travelling Exhibitions Indemnification Program. Air Canada, Tourisme Montréal, Historia, the Hôtel Place d'Armes, Le Devoir and the Métro newspaper are exhibition partners.
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Five hundred years of Roman rule produced striking consequences for Gaul. Politically, the idea was planted of citizenship of a common state with a single set of laws and administrators and a more or less unified tax system. In practice, much localism remained, and the direct and indirect taxes were assessed and collected inequitably. If imperial Rome benefited by holding provincial Gaul (from financial exactions, manpower, and cheap grain), the Gauls ... derived economic advantage from their connection. Security against barbarians and bands of brigands encouraged the Gauls to clear more forests and farm more lands. Better roads, bridges, and communications fostered greater trade.
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The British were now all Romans and considered themselves the same as the Roman Gaul or the Roman Italian. Their enemies were the Picts, North of the Forth and Clyde, the Scots in Ireland, the Franks and Saxons of the Low Counties.
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Roman Gaul