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Roman Empire: Roman Republic
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The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization with the typical autocratic form of government. The earlier Roman Republic had been weakened and destroyed by the conflict between Sulla and Gaius Marius, which was followed by the civil war against Pompey lead by Gaius Julius Caesar. During all these fights hundreds of senators had fallen in battle, subsequently been executed, murdered, or had commited a suicide. The Roman Senate had been refilled by devoted friends of the First Triumvirate, and later on, by followers of the Second Triumvirate. At last, Octavian (later renamed as Augustus) defeated his opponent Mark Antony and completed this gradual destruction by completely reorganizing the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
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The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. The earlier Roman Republic had been devastated and weakened by the conflict between Gaius Marius and Sulla, followed by the civil war of Julius Caesar against Pompey. During all these struggles hundreds of senators had fallen in battle, been executed, murdered, or had taken their own lives. The Roman Senate had been refilled by loyal friends of the First Triumvirate, and later on, by supporters of the Second Triumvirate. At last, Octavian (later to be known as Augustus) defeated his rival Mark Antony and completed this gradual subversion by thoroughly reorganizing the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
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The Roman Empire is the name given to both theimperialdomain developed by the city-state ofRomeand ... the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by anautocraticform of government. This article however is about the latter. The Roman Empire succeeded the 500 year-oldRoman Republic(510 BC - 1st century BC), which had been weakened by the conflict betweenGaius MariusandSullaand thecivil warofJulius CaesaragainstPompey the Great. Several dates are commonly proposed to mark the transition from Republic to Empire, including the date of Julius Caesar's appointment as perpetualdictator(44 BC), the victory of Caesar's heirOctavianat theBattle of Actium(September 2,31 BC), and the Roman Senate's granting to Octavian thehonorificAugustus. (January 16,27 BC).
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In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which had lasted nearly 500 years, was dead, never to be revived. The empire would endure for another 500 years until
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