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Rhinitis: Perennial Rhinitis
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Vasomotor rhinitis is not thought to be related to a specific allergen, infection, or causation. It includes patients with perennial symptoms that are associated with temperature changes, humidity, alcohol ingestion, and odors. Vasomotor rhinitis is diagnosed through exclusion; patients should have normal serum IgE levels, negative skin testing or RAST, and no inflammation on nasal cytology.
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Occupational allergic rhinitis, which is caused by exposure to allergens in the workplace, can be sporadic, seasonal, or perennial. People who work near animals (eg, veterinarians, laboratory researchers, farm workers) might have episodic symptoms when exposed to certain animals, daily symptoms while at the workplace, or even continual symptoms (which can persist in the evenings and weekends with severe sensitivity due to persistent late-phase inflammation). Some workers who may have seasonal symptoms include farmers, agricultural workers (exposure to pollens, animals, mold spores, and grains), and other outdoor workers. Other significant occupational allergens that may cause allergic rhinitis include wood dust, latex (due to inhalation of powder from gloves), acid anhydrides, glues, and psyllium (eg, nursing home workers who administer it as medication).
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The common cold can often be confused with hay fever and perennial rhinitis because they all cause similar symptoms. However, a cold normally lasts for around a week. Sneezing, a streaming nose and itchy eyes which persist for a few weeks may well be due to either hay fever or perennial rhinitis.
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Nonallergic rhinitis. Sometimes perennial rhinitis is not caused by allergic triggers. It may be caused by overuse of topical nose sprays, hormonal changes, structural abnormalities of the nose (such as septal deviation), and occasionally by medications. Often, the cause of this type of rhinitis is not well understood, but it is commonly present in patients with asthma. Its symptoms are similar to those produced by allergy.
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Allergic rhinitis, one of the rhinitis syndromes, is associated with a symptom complex characterized by paroxysms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and itching of the eyes, nose, and palate. It is ... frequently associated with postnasal drip, cough, irritability, and fatigue [1-3]. Allergic rhinitis is classified as seasonal if symptoms typically occur at a particular time of the year, or perennial if symptoms occur year round.
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Allergic rhinitis may ... be triggered by common indoor allergens such as animal dander, indoor mold, or the droppings of cockroaches or house dust mites—microscopic creatures found in the home. When this is the case, these allergies are called perennial allergies, because symptoms may last year-round.
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Perennial Rhinitis