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Rhinitis: Perennial Rhinitis
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Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes. Allergic rhinitis is rhinitis caused by allergies to airborne substances, such as pollen, dust, animal dander, or molds. The substances that cause allergic reactions are called allergens. Allergic rhinitis can be a seasonal or year-round (perennial) condition. The same person can have both types.
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Allergic rhinitis. Rhinitis caused by an allergic reaction may be either [S]easonal—occurring only at certain times of the year—or perennial—occurring year round. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is sometimes called "hay fever." It is an allergic reaction to pollen from trees and grasses. Ragweed pollen is another frequent culprit causing hay fever. This type of rhinitis occurs mainly in the spring and fall, when these pollens from trees, grasses and weeds are in the air.
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Rhinitis is simply inflammation of the nasal passages. Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal passages through an allergic mechanism. Allergic rhinitis can be seasonal, that is, occurring at certain times of the year or perennial, occurring throughout the year.
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NARES, or eosinophilic rhinitis (ie, perennial intrinsic rhinitis) accounts for as many as 20% of rhinitis diagnoses. Some researchers believe that this condition may be a precursor to the aspirin triad of intrinsic asthma, nasal polyposis, and aspirin intolerance. Abnormal prostaglandin metabolism has been implicated as a cause of NARES. Eosinophil counts are elevated in approximately 20% of nasal smears in the general population; ... not everyone with eosinophilia has symptoms of rhinitis. A distinguishing feature of NARES is the presence of eosinophils, usually 10-20% on nasal smears. In general, patients with NARES present with nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and hyposmia.
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There are two types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal and perennial. Seasonal AR occurs in the spring, summer, and early fall, when airborne plant pollens are at their highest levels. In fact, the term hay fever is really a misnomer, since allergy to grass pollen is only one cause of symptoms for most people. Perennial AR occurs all year and is usually caused by home or workplace airborne pollutants. A person can be affected by one or both types. Symptoms of seasonal AR are worst after being outdoors, while symptoms of perennial AR are worst after spending time indoors.
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Allergic rhinitis can occur at any age, even under the age of two years. Most cases... start in the teens or early adult life and improve by middle age. Classical symptoms are sneezing, itching and copious, thin, watery discharge, but nasal obstruction is also often present, especially in perennial rhinitis. Infants with rhinitis have nasal discharge and obstruction and this may interfere with feeding and contribute to irritability.
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Perennial Rhinitis