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Rhinitis: Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
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Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa causing sneezing, itching, nasal congestion and discharge. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is caused by substances that trigger allergies and is sometimes referred to as "hay fever". Perennial allergic rhinitis is a chronic condition caused by triggers such as pet dander and dust. The result of poorly controlled allergies can result in impairments in day-to-day activities as well as a reduction in a patient's quality of life. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, more than 40 million Americans are currently estimated to suffer with allergic diseases and allergies are the sixth leading cause of chronic disease in the United States.
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There were 73 randomized controlled trials on the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The majority of studies show a clear benefit on the use of intranasal corticosteroids over either sedating or nonsedating antihistamines for relief of symptoms of nasal allergy. With respect to symptom alleviation in seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, study results indicate no consistent differences between sedating and nonsedating antihistamines, though the side-effect profile favors nonsedating antihistamines. No randomized controlled trials were identified that compared immunotherapy with antihistamines or with nasal corticosteroids in the treatment of seasonal and/or perennial allergic rhinitis. Studies provide strong support for the beneficial effect of cromoglycate in the management of both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. A majority of studies reported no serious adverse events associated with the use of antihistamines, cromolyn, or intranasal corticosteroids.
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Allergic Rhinitis is the medical term for allergies that affect the nose. If your allergy symptoms occur at specific times of year (usually spring and/or fall), this is called "seasonal allergic rhinitis" and is often referred to as "hay fever". If you have allergy symptoms year-round, this is called "perennial allergic rhinitis".
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Poster #254 (Nathan et al.): To test the effectiveness of FFNS in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of once-daily FFNS 110 mcg in 302 patients. After four weeks of treatment, patients randomized to FFNS experienced significantly fewer nasal symptoms than did those who took placebo. The mean change from baseline on the validated patient self-scoring system was -2.78 for the FFNS group vs. -2.08 for the placebo group (p=0.005). FFNS patients ... experienced sustained 24-hour relief, compared with those in the placebo group (-2.45 for FFNS vs. -1.75 for placebo; p=0.006).
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Cromolyn Sodium for ACE Inhibitor Cough nnCromolynCromolyn sodium is ... effective for symptomatic control of both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Cromolyn sodium is able to prevent both the acute phase and late phase reactions to allergen. In general, cromolyn sodium should be administered prophylactically before exposure. Cromolyn sodium appears to be effective, but less potent than nasal corticosteroids. The safety profile of cromolyn sodium is excellen.
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Allergic rhinitis symptoms include early and late responses similar to those of allergic response to skin testing. Early and late allergic rhinitis present as sneezing, congestion, and rhinorrhea; ... the late response tends to include more congestion. Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis can be associated with systemic symptoms including malaise, weakness, and fatigue. Patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis also may have allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, and eczema.
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Perennial Allergic Rhinitis