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Rhinitis: Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
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Rhinitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the nose. Allergic rhinitis is characterized by an itchy/runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion. Other allergic symptoms include itchy ears and throat, Eustachian tube problems, red/watery eyes, cough, fatigue/loss of concentration/lack of energy from loss of sleep, and headaches or facial tenderness. Rhinitis can be either acute or chronic. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (... called hay fever) is usually caused by pollen in the air, and sensitive patients have symptoms during peak times during the year. Perennial allergic rhinitis, a type of chronic rhinitis is a year–round problem, and is often caused by indoor allergens, such as dust and animal dander in addition to pollens that may exist at the time.
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Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose with symptoms of sneezing, itching, nasal discharge and congestion. It can be allergic, nonallergic, or both. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is caused by substances that trigger allergies, called [A]llergens and is sometimes referred to as hay fever. Perennial allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated reaction to allergens that show little or now seasonal variation. It is persistent, chronic and generally less severe than seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), commonly referred to as "hay fever" or "outdoor allergies," is the most common form of allergic rhinitis. By definition, SAR includes allergies to seasonal pollens like grass, trees, and weeds, as well as mold. Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR) is sometimes referred to as "year round" or "indoor allergies" and is characterized by allergic symptoms that last longer than four weeks. House dust mites, animal dander, and mold most commonly trigger PAR. Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) is most commonly known as "chronic hives of unknown origin" and is defined as the occurrence of daily, or almost daily, wheals and itching for at least six weeks with no obvious causes.
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Fluticasone furoate nasal spray is an enhanced affinity intranasal corticosteroid (INS) currently in development by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) for use in the treatment of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. As an INS, fluticasone furoate blocks the action of inflammatory mediators early in and throughout the allergy process. FFNS has a unique, side-actuated trigger designed for ease-of-use and patient comfort. The new agent is currently under review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).
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Potential approaches to the treatment of allergic rhinitis are the avoidance of allergens and medication with chromone compounds, antihistaminics and glucocorticosteroids. The sole causally effective treatment is specific immunotherapy. Leukotriene receptor antagonists, anti-IgE antibodies and monoclonal CD-4-molecules, as ... soluble cytokine receptors are potential therapeutic options, the value of which currently remains unknown. The occasional use of a nasal decongestant such as pseudoephedrine is accepatable, if used in the morning by those who have not heart problems. Omnaris (ciclesonide) nasal spray is a new drug for the treatment of nasal symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, in adults and children 12 years of age and older.
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People with allergic rhinitis, particularly those with perennial allergic rhinitis, may experience sleep disorders and daytime fatigue. Often they attribute this to medication, but studies suggest congestion may be the culprit in these symptoms. In addition, a 2002 study indicated that patients with seasonal allergies experience hundreds of brief, subtle awakenings, called "microarousals," each night. In such cases, people are not aware that they wake up, but such events can cause fatigue the next day. A 2006 study of nearly 600 patients with allergic rhinitis found that sleep disorders and poor sleep quality were prevalent. Patients who had severe allergic rhinitis had worse sleep problems than those with mild allergic rhinitis.
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Perennial Allergic Rhinitis