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Rhinitis: Patients
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Complications: If allergic rhinitis is not treated, symptoms of both allergy and infection can develop in the throat, ears, and sinuses because these are lined with the same kind of membrane as the nose. Tonsils and adenoids may become enlarged and diseased, and growths called polyps may develop in the nose. Fluid can ... build up in the ear -- a condition called serous otitis media. This condition is particularly common in babies and young children. Sinus problems following allergic rhinitis are more common in older children and adults. Post-nasal drip can lead to cough in normal individuals and bronchospasm in patients with asthma.
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BERKELEY, Calif., Nov. 12 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Dynavax Technologies Corporation (Nasdaq: DVAX) presented yesterday a detailed analysis of data from the company's large-scale DARTT (SAR09) trial evaluating TOLAMBA(TM), a novel therapy for ragweed allergic rhinitis. The data were reported yesterday at the annual meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) in Dallas, TX. Dynavax explained that the data extend the company's understanding of the correlation between skin test parameters and the magnitude of ragweed allergic rhinitis symptoms in placebo-treated patients. Specifically, further analysis of the placebo group in the DARTT trial indicated that concomitant use of two parameters of skin test positivity could enable the selection of patients with substantially increased levels of ragweed specific symptoms.
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When allergic rhinitis is suspected, the first step is usually to perform a physical examination and obtain a complete medical history. Obtaining the patient’s medical history is important because the presence of other allergies, asthma or eczema raises the likelihood of a person having allergic rhinitis. A family history where allergies are common is another factor that predisposes a person towards allergic rhinitis. Typically the family history will show instances of allergic rhinitis, asthma or other airborne allergies.
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Vasomotor rhinitis is believed to result from disturbed regulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems in which the parasympathetic system dominates, resulting in vasodilation and edema of the nasal vasculature. Resulting symptoms are rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion. Cold air, strong odors, stress, or inhaled irritants may exacerbate symptoms. Rates of anxiety and depression are higher in women with vasomotor rhinitis than in healthy women without rhinitis. Patients with profuse rhinorrhea and those with predominant nasal congestion are sometimes distinguished by using the terms "runners" and "blockers," respectively.
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There is no specific test for viral rhinitis. The diagnosis is based on the symptoms. In children, the doctor will examine the child's throat and glands to rule out measles and other childhood illnesses that have similar early symptoms. Adults whose symptoms last longer than a week may require further testing to rule out a secondary bacterial infection, or an allergy. Bacterial infections can usually be identified from a laboratory culture of the patient's nasal discharge. Allergies can be evaluated by blood tests, skin testing for specific substances, or nasal smears.
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Allergic rhinitis affects the nose, causing sneezing, a clear discharge, and itching. The eyes may ... be red, watery, and itchy. The throat may become irritated from nasal drip and coughing. Swelling in the sinuses causes congestion. Some patients with allergic rhinitis have headaches and feel tired because their symptoms make sleep difficult. Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis occur in the spring, summer, and early fall and flare up after spending time outside.
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