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Rhinitis: Nose
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Rhinitis is the inflammation of the nasal lining, which is commonly characterized by a runny or blocked nose. The nasal linings or mucous membrane often swell or become irritated due to factors pertaining to dryness. This condition is called vasomotor rhinitis. Besides swallowing
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Rhinitis is caused by an increase in histamine. This increase is likely caused by airborne allergens. These allergens may affect an individual's nose, throat, or eyes and cause an increase in fluid production within these areas.
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Rhinitis medicamentosa or drug rebound rhinitis is nasal congestion caused by over-use of nasal sprays that constrict blood vessels in the nose. Drugs that do this are the long acting nasal decongestant sprays available over-the-counter, and cocaine.
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Symptoms of rhinitis can ... be caused by nasal polyps—growths on the mucus membrane of the nose that can cause congestion and loss of sense of smell. They provoke symptoms year-round and usually begin between the ages of 20 and 40. Nasal polyps may be associated with aspirin sensitivity and asthma, and may cause recurrent sinusitis. Decongestants or corticosteroid nasal sprays or pills may provide temporary relief. Nasal polyps can be surgically removed, but they have a tendency to recur.
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Perhaps the most widely used type of medication used to control the symptoms of rhinitis are the antihistamines. These medications counteract the affects of histamine, the naturally occurring chemical that causes allergy symptoms. The chief side effect of antihistamines is drowsiness. A number of new antihistamines have been developed that do not cause drowsiness in most people. These medications are available with a doctor's prescription. Cromolyn nose spray, available over the counter, may be helpful for allergic rhinitis and causes essentially no side effects.
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The symptoms of allergic rhinitis result from the action of histamine and other chemicals released in the allergic reaction. These chemicals cause swelling and a resulting decrease in size of the nose opening, making breathing more difficult. They ... stimulate the inner lining of the nose to secrete watery mucus, causing a runny nose or postnasal drip. These discharges irritate nerve endings, which causes sneezing and also possibly sore throat. When the mucus discharge travels from the throat up the tube going to the ear (eustachian tube), it causes a feeling of fullness and buzzing. When it goes up the sinuses, it causes a pressure headache.
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