LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Rhinitis: Chronic Rhinitis
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Characterized by itchiness, redness and thickening of the skin, eczema is often associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and a personal or family history of allergies, allergic rhinitis and asthma. While topical corticosteroids are currently used to treat eczema, their chronic use is limited due to the potential for significant side effects. Topical calcineurin inhibitors have ... shown potential in the treatment of this disease; however these potent immunosuppressive agents have yet to produce long-term safety data. In preclinical studies, NF-kB Decoy was efficiently delivered to intact skin using several easy-to-manufacture, inexpensive formulations and was effective in reducing the swelling and inflammation associated with eczema with minimal side effects. Clinical trials will demonstrate whether results obtained in preclinical studies will be indicative of future results.
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Acute rhinitis is characterized by nasal discharge, sneezing, pawing at the face, respiratory stertor, open-mouth breathing, and/or inspiratory dyspnea. Lacrimation and conjunctivitis often accompany inflammation of the upper respiratory passages. Affected tissues are often hyperemic and edematous. The nasal discharge is serous but becomes mucoid as a result of secondary bacterial infection. If inflammatory cells infiltrate the mucosa, the discharge may become mucopurulent. Sneezing, in an attempt to clear the upper airways of discharge or exudate, is seen most frequently in acute rhinitis and tends to be intermittent in chronic rhinitis.
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Allergic rhinitis affects between 20 - 40 million Americans of all ages. As with asthma and many upper respiratory infections, the incidence in allergic rhinitis is increasing. Allergies most often appear first in childhood, and allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic condition in childhood, although it can develop at any age. About 20% of allergic rhinitis cases are due to seasonal allergies, 40% to perennial (chronic) rhinitis, and the rest are mixed.
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Allergic rhinitis or an environmental cause usually is suggested if triggers are identified. Chronic symptoms accompanied by seasonal variations suggest seasonal allergic rhinitis. Constitutional symptoms such as headache, malaise, and fatigue are ... common presentations. Medical history can be helpful (e.g., the patient's age at onset of symptoms). Allergic rhinitis usually develops at a young age (80 percent before 20 years of age).
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Allergic rhinitis, commonly referred to as "hay fever," is estimated to affect 15 million people in Japan. The market for prescription antihistamines in Japan is estimated to exceed $1 billion. Urticaria, a reaction to a variety of substances, including food, drugs and topical agents, and characterized by an eruption of itchy, swollen lesions on the skin, affects an estimated 15 to 25 percent of people at least once in their lives. Approximately 25 percent of urticaria patients develop chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), which is defined as a case that lasts for a period of at least six weeks and has no identifiable cause. More than 40 percent of prescription antihistamine use in Japan can be attributed to CIU and itching associated with skin diseases such as eczema.
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Most cases of rhinitis go away once the source of irritation is gone. In the meantime, decongestants can help to relieve a stuffy nose. Be very careful... with the use of over-the-counter decongestant nasal sprays. Overuse of these products can actually make your stuffy nose worse. If used chronically and then stopped, after the effects of these products wear off, the tissue inside the nose and sinuses tends to become swollen. This can prompt you to use more of the medication, after which these tissues swell even more.
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Chronic Rhinitis