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Rhinitis: Allergies
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Rhinitis may result from many causes other than allergy. Not all rhinitis symptoms are the result of allergies. Below are listed the three most common causes of rhinitis with some of their characteristics.
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Seasonal allergic rhinitis tends to diminish as a person ages. The earlier the symptoms start, the greater the chances for improvement. People who develop hay fever in early childhood tend not to have the allergy in adulthood. In one study, over half of allergic subjects reported that by 40 years of age their symptoms had decreased, and a quarter were symptom-free. In some cases, allergies go into remission for years and then return later in life. People who develop allergies after age 20... tend to continue to have hay fever at least into middle age.
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Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting individuals of all ages. It's estimated that up to 30 percent of people in the Western suffer from allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is not an infection. It occurs when the body’s immune system over-responds to specific, non-infectious particles such as plant pollens, house plants, molds, dust mites, animal hair, industrial chemicals (including tobacco smoke), foods, medicines, and insect venom. During an allergy attack, antibodies, primarily immunoglobin E (IgE), attach to mast cells (cells that release histamine) in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes. Once IgE connects with the mast cells, a number of chemicals are released.
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The older, first-generation H1 antagonists (eg, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine) are effective in reducing most symptoms of allergic rhinitis, but they produce a number of adverse effects (eg, drowsiness, anticholinergic effects). They can be used prn, but adverse effects may limit their usefulness when taken on a daily basis. Some patients tolerate the adverse effects with prolonged use, but they may experience cognitive impairment, and driving skills may be affected. Administration at bedtime may help with drowsiness, but sedation and impairment of cognition may continue until the next day.
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Ryna-12 S™ (phenylephrine tannate/pyrilamine tannate) suspension Indications: symptomatic relief of the coryza and nasal congestion associated with the common cold, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and other upper respiratory tract conditions. Dosage/administration: children over age six, 5-10 mL (1-2 tsp.) q.12h.; children age two to six, 2.5-5 mL (½-1 tsp.) q.12h. Each 5mL (teaspoonful) contains 5mg phenylephrine tannate (decongestant)/30mg pyrilamine (antihistamine). Available by prescription only. Note: All-caps convention, RYNA-12 S™, is used on packaging. Mfg: Wallace Laboratories, div. of Carter-Wallace, Inc. Source: package insert - 11/21/99.
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The most frequent cause of nonallergic rhinitis is the common cold. The common cold is the most frequent viral infection in the general population, causing more absenteeism from school or work than any other illness. Colds are self-limited, lasting about three to 10 days, although they are sometimes followed by a bacterial infection. Children are more susceptible than adults; teenage boys more susceptible than teenage girls; and adult women more susceptible than adult men. In the United States, colds are most frequent during the late fall and winter. Allergic rhinitis is less common that nonallergic rhinitis.
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Allergies