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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Tissues
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The common symptoms of rheumatoid are: Irritation and soft-tissue bulge of many joints at the similar time, joints are generally affected initially irregularly and then in a symmetrical way as the infection progresses. Generally the rheumatoid pain improves with the use of the affected joints, and usually rigidity of all joints during the dawn that lasts over 1 hour. Therefore, the pain of rheumatoid arthritis is regularly worse in the morning compared to the usual pain of osteoarthritis where the pain worsens up over the day.
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Major cellular roles are played by CD4 T cells, mononuclear phagocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, and neutrophils, while B lymphocytes produce autoantibodies (ie, rheumatoid factors [RFs]). Abnormal production of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators (eg, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)–1, IL-6, transforming growth factor beta, IL-8, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor) have been demonstrated in patients with RA. Ultimately, inflammation and exuberant proliferation of synovium (ie, pannus) leads to destruction of various tissues such as cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Although the articular structures are the primary sites, other tissues are ... affected.
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Imaging tests (e.g., x-rays) are used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and to monitor progression of the disease. X-rays can detect swelling in surrounding tissue and loss of bone density in affected joints.
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The Synovium is the centre of the abnormality in the musculoskeletal manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis. This is the lining tissue in the joint, and is similar in structure to the lining around the tendons - the tenosynovium, and the lining surrounding Bursae - which are sacs of fluid containing structures that lubricate tendons as they attach to bone.
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