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Rhetoric: Studies
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Rhetoric is the persuasive use of language. Until the eighteenth century its study was one of the central disciplines in European universities alongside theology, natural and moral sciences, and law. Thereafter, empiricist and positivist methods of social inquiry led to its eclipse, on the ground that language, scientifically used, was no more than a transparent medium by which knowledge of the world gained by experience was mediated. Rhetoric, accordingly, came to denote the unnecessary or misleading embellishment and corruption of language—a view which Plato had held of the sophists. With the waning of faith in modernism, serious attention once again began to be devoted to language as a means to power. This was especially evident in the work of Nietzsche, but was ... strongly implied in the revival of hermeneutics.
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Rhetoric was part of the curriculum in Jesuit and, to a lesser extent, Oratorian colleges until the French Revolution. For Jesuits, right from the foundation, in France, of the Society, rhetoric was an integral part of the training of young men toward taking up leadership positions in the Church and in State institutions, as Marc Fumaroli has shown it in his foundational Age de l’éloquence (1980). The Oratorians, by contrast, reserved it a lesser place, in part due to the stress they placed on modern languages acquisition and a more sensualist philosophy (Bernard Lamy’s Rhetoric is an excellent example of their approach).Nonetheless, in the 18th Century, rhetoric was the armature and crowning of college education, with works such as Rollin’s Treatise of Studies achieving a wide and enduring fame across the Continent.[9]
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The PhD in Rhetoric and Professional Communication focuses on the theory and practice of rhetoric and written communication in professional communities such as worksites, disciplines such as science, and social groups. Students complete a core of classes in theory, history, practice, pedagogy, and research methods, and have wide flexibility to pursue their own interests. The degree qualifies graduates for academic position in rhetoric and in business and technical communication as well as for work in the private sector as professional writing specialists, editors, and communications production managers.
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Rhetoric has been studied for very many years as a result of its crucial importance, and a number of divisions have been made. The first was a tripartite distinction between the appeals that are possible when speaking or writing, namely:
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The Department of Rhetoric & Communication Studies is concerned with how and why people communicate and with the effects of communication on individuals, groups, organizations and societies. Communication scholars explore the creation of identity and social realities, the contingent, situational and discursive dynamics of meaning-making, the processes and effects of mediated communication and the role of communicative behavior in all social contexts. The department is organized into three divisions: rhetoric, relational communication and cultural communication. Degree programs include:
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The General Education Program requirement for Rhetoric is generally satisfied by courses offered by the Department of Rhetoric. Courses in rhetoric help students read with understanding and enjoyment, and write and speak about reading with personal authority and analytical skill; use writing and speaking to discover and explain, question and defend ideas; take into account fundamental rhetorical concepts such as audience, purpose,and appropriateness in devising effective communication.
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