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Quantum Theory: Waves
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Unlike Bohm's pilot-wave concept, the theory of Ghirardi's group offers predictions that diverge from those of orthodox quantum physics, albeit subtly. " If you shine a neutron through two slits, you get an interference pattern," Pearle says. " But if our theory is correct, the interference should disappear if you make the measurement far enough away." The theory ... requires slight violations of the law of conservation of energy. Zeilinger of the University of Innsbruck was sufficiently interested in the theory to test the neutron prediction, which was not borne out. "This approach is one of those dead end roads that has to be walked by someone," he sighs.
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It seems to be clear, therefore, that Born's statistical interpretation of quantum theory is the only possible one. The wave function does not in any way describe a state which could be that of a single system; it relates rather to many systems, to an 'ensemble of systems' in the sense of statistical mechanics.
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It is important to understand how scientists describe the properties of waves in order to understand how waves fit into quantum theory. A familiar type of wave occurs when a rope is tied to a solid object and someone moves the free end up and down. Waves travel along the rope. The highest points on the rope are called the crests of the waves. The lowest points are called troughs. One full wave consists of a crest and trough.
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