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Pythagoras: Egypt
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Born on the island of Samos, off Greece, in the Mediterranean Sea, Pythagoras was the son of Mnesarchus. Little is known about his early life. After studying in Greece, he fled to southern Italy to escape the harsh rule of Polycrates (died c. 522 B.C.E.), who came to power about 538 B.C.E. Pythagoras is said to have traveled to Egypt and Babylon during this time.
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[Page 132] Pythagoras, son of Mnesarchos, a native of Samos, left his fatherland to escape the tyranny of Polykrates (533/2 or 529/8 B.C.). He made his home for many years in Kroton in southern Italy, where his political views gained control in the city. At length he and his followers were banished by an opposing party, and he died at Metapontum. Many stories are told of his travels into Egypt and more widely, but there is no evidence on which the stories can be accepted. He was a mystic thinker and religious reformer quite as much as a philosopher, but there is no reason for denying that the doctrines of the school originated with him. Of his disciples, Archytas, in southern Italy, and Philolaos and Lysis, at Thebes, are the best known.
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A few years after the Polycrates seized control of the city of Samos, Pythagoras went to Egypt. There is some evidence that suggests that at first the men were friends, and that Polycrates wrote a letter of introduction for Pythagoras, but that later they grew apart in their thinking. Pythagoras visited many temples and took part in discussions with priests. Eventually, he was accepted into the priesthood at Diospolis after completing the rites necessary for admission. Pythagoras founded a school or society that he later continued in Italy. It was ultimately considered a religious philosophical society for which he conceived regulations that were secret and expected to be obeyed.
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Pythagoras, "the father of numbers," was born on the island of Samos off the Greek coast. At a very early age he travelled to Mesopotamia and Egypt where he undertook his basic studies and eventually founded his first school. Political unrest subsequently necessitated a move to Croton in Southern Italy where he founded his second school. The doctrines of this cultural center were bound by very strict rules of conduct. His school was open to men and women students alike, and discriminatory conduct was forbidden. His students included those of all races, colours, religions, and financial or social standing.
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Pythagoras was born at Samos, the great-grandson of the philosopher Hippasos. In his studies, he travelled to Egypt, Phoenicia, Arabia and Babylonia. Some later writers state that he ... travelled to India and Persia. In 530 b.c.e., he established a community of mystics at Crotona in southern Italy, which flourished until about the end of the 4th century b.c.e. Like most great teachers of antiquity (as well as many modern ones), his real history is clouded by fantastic legends.
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Pythagoras probably traveled in Egypt and perhaps in Asia, for the purpose of acquiring knowledge. In Samos he set up a school, but lived outside the city in a cave, where he carried out his mathematical research. About 530 B.C. he settled at Croton, a Greek colony in Southern Italy. Around him formed a philosophical school, a group of 300 persons, male and female. The inner circle was known as mathematicoi, the outside circle as akousmatics. To join the commune as probationers, his students had to give up all all personal possessions and maintained silence for five years.
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