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Pueblo Indians: New Mexico
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In the year of 1680 the Pueblo Indians revolted against the Spanish and drove the Spanish out of their land and back down into Old Mexico. The Spanish were forced to leave so fast they left behind many horses. The Pueblo Indians took these horses and used them. The Spanish did not come back until the year of 1694. While the Spanish were gone the Pueblo Indians raised large herds of horses. They began selling and trading them to other Indians such as the Kiowa and Comanche.
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In 1680, in a swift and bloody revolt, Pueblo Indians overthrew the Spaniards who had occupied their lands for more than eighty years. Since 1598, when Juan de OÒate brought a small group of colonists into the mesa and canyon country of northern New Mexico, Spain had asserted its sovereignty over the Pueblo peoples. Spanish officials had demanded that Pueblos pay tribute to the Spanish Crown by working for encomenderos, a small number of privileged Spaniards to whom Spanish officials entrusted the Pueblos and their labor. At the same time, Spanish priests established missions in the Pueblos' farming villages and demanded that the Indians abandon their religion in favor of Christianity. Pueblo Indians, who vastly outnumbered their Spanish overlords, tolerated this arrangement for several generations.
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In 1680 all the Pueblo Indians revolted against the Spanish. They drove the Spanish out of New Mexico and down to El Paso. In 1681 Spanish came back and attacked Isleta Pueblo. Many of the Isleta Puebloans managed to run away and escape. But, the Spanish captured many of them. The Spanish forced these Isleta Pueblo prisoners to come with them to El Paso.
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[O]f all of the Pueblo peoples misfortunes, an organized rebellion of Pueblo Indians against Spanish rule in New Mexico in 1680. Led by Popé, a Tewa medicine man of the San Juan Pueblo who had been imprisoned by the Spaniards, the Pueblo united to attack Spanish settlers on August 10. The Spaniards fled on August 21, many to the El Paso region, with fatalities numbering some 400. In 1692 Gov. Pedro de Vargas reconquered the Pueblos in an expedition to recover New Mexico.
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The Pueblo Indians lived in the areas of the United States that are know the states of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada and Colorado and many Pueblo Indians still live in these areas today. The influence the Pueblos had on southwestern society is still commonly seen today among much of the artwork of the area, and even in the design of the houses and all other southwest styles seen today. There is a lot of confusion when it comes to how the Pueblo Indians settled in the southwest of America and many archaeologists can not agree on this.
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The Pueblo Indians received their name from the Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado. “Pueblo” is the Spanish name for “town”. When Coronado discovered the Native Americans in the mid 1500’s in the area that is now New Mexico and Arizona, he named them “Pueblo Indians” because they were a settled tribe, and not nomadic like some of the other local tribes.
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