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Proportional Representation: Parties
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Proportional Representation (PR) is the term that describes a group of electoral systems used to elect candidates in multi-member electorates. Under PR, parties, groups and independent candidates are elected to the Parliament in proportion to their support in the electorate.
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This is a digest of information designed to familiarize the reader with the Proportional Representation method (particularly Single Transferable Vote/Choice Voting) of electing representatives to a governing body which is referred to in various drafts of proposed Pacifica bylaws. Proportional Representation was used in the "KPFA Model" of elections for their 2 station board elections. It is being used successfully around the world to increase the diversity and fairness of elected governing bodies.
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Proportional Representation describes various methodologies used to ensure that an electoral system accurately reflects in the proportional support gained by groups in electoral contests to public office. In practice this usually involves ensuring that political parties in parliament or legislative assemblies received the number of seats proportional to the percentage of vote they received.1
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Proportional representation is a system of voting providing members of a legislature be chosen in a way that essentially reflects the support that their political party receives in an election. PR, as it is generally called, gives voters the opportunity to vote for as many candidates as there are vacancies, in order of their preference. In counting votes, all the first choices are tallied. The candidate with the fewest first choice votes is eliminated, and his votes are redistributed to the voters’ second choice. The process of elimination and redistribution continues until the number of candidates remaining equals the number of vacancies to be filled.
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Proportional representation (PR) voting systems are used by most of the world’s major democracies. Under PR, representatives are elected from multi-seat districts in proportion to the number of votes received. PR assures that political parties or candidates will have the percent of legislative seats that reflects their public support. A party or candidate need not come in first to win seats.
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Proportional representation seems unusual to Americans, but it is actually a much more common system of voting than first-past-the-post. In general, first-past-the-post is only used in former British colonies, and even Britain itself uses PR for the Scottish and Welsh assemblies and for its EU delegation. Nonetheless, PR does have some history in the United States. Many cities, including New York, used it for their city councils as a way to break up Democratic party monopolies.
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