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Progressivism: Progressive Movement
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Progressivism is an umbrella label for a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. These included efforts to outlaw the sale of alcohol; regulate child labor and sweatshops; scientifically manage natural resources; insure pure and wholesome water and milk; Americanize immigrants or restrict immigration altogether; and bust or regulate trusts. Drawing support from the urban, college-educated middle class, Progressive reformers sought to eliminate corruption in government, regulate business practices, address health hazards, improve working conditions, and give the public more direct control over government through direct primaries to nominate candidates for public office, direct election of Senators, the initiative, referendum, and recall, and women's suffrage.
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Progressivism or [P]olitical progressivism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. There are ... a number of progressive political parties in various countries. Political progressivism per se can not be clasified as left or right in any particular political spectrum, though majority of current progressive parties align themselves to the left.
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Progressivism historically advocates the advancement of workers' rights and social justice. The progressives were early proponents of anti-trust laws, regulation of large corporations and monopolies, as well as government-funded environmentalism and the creation of National Parks and Wildlife Refuges.
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Although the Populist Party was initially independent, and then merged with the Democratic Party, by the turn of the century Progressivism was too powerful to be contained in the Democratic Party. Theodore Roosevelt became the Vice Presidential nominee of the Republican Party to bring Progressives into that party.
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While the spoils system negatively impacted the Yellowstone ecosystem, another force from the cities brought positive change to the region: Progressivism. The Progressive Movement emerged as a combination of a number of reform movements that were active in the 1870s and 1880s. These groups included urban reformers, women’s suffragists, members of the Populist Party, and prohibitionists. Beginning in the 1890s, middle-class America fought to save American capitalism from the unregulated industrialists, the corrupt spoilsmen, and the radical labor union leaders who threatened social revolution. The Progressives adopted many reforms from earlier political movements--especially the Populists--as their own and pushed them onto the national scene as a collective political movement.18
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The first major challenge to this interpretation came in the 1950s when first George Mowry (_The California Progressives_) and then Richard Hofstadter (_The Age of Reform_) linked Progressivism to the middle class. Although Mowry's was a more carefully grounded case study, Hofstadter's sweeping interpretation of American politics from the 1890s to the 1930s proved most powerful.
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Progressive Movement