LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Probiotics: Effects
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"If probiotics are as effective as we think, the great advantage is their safety," Quigley tells WebMD. "There is no evidence of any safety issue. They have the potential to be an effective first-line therapy for IBS and other bowel symptoms in a very safe manner."
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Next, the team administered the irradiated probiotics to mice with experimentally induced colitis, which is similar to human IBD. The irradiated probiotics effectively ameliorated the colitis, as did the administration of viable, "live" bacteria to another group of mice with colitis. This indicated that inactivated probiotics were as effective as live probiotics.
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A year-long open trial of 150 women failed to find Lactobacillus probiotics effective for preventing urinary tract infections as compared to cranberry juice or no treatment. 50 However, a large (453 participant), 3-month, double-blind placebo-controlled study of a special healthy E. coli probiotic did find benefits. 107
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Although probiotics play key role in human/animal nutrition, their modes of action have not been resolute yet. But several mechanisms for instance; producing antimicrobial substances, stimulating mucus secretion, strengthening gut barriers function, competing for adhesion sites, stimulating specific and non specific immune responses; by which probiotics mediate their anti infection effects have been suggested.
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