LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Prisons: Facilities
built 260 days ago
Prisons are normally surrounded by fencing, walls, earthworks, geographical features, or other barriers to prevent escape. Multiple barriers, concertina wire, electrified fencing, secured and defensible main gates, armed guard towers, lighting, motion sensors, dogs, and roving patrols may all ... be present depending on the level of security. Remotely controlled doors, CCTV monitoring, alarms, cages, restraints, nonlethal and lethal weapons, riot-control gear and physical segregation of units and prisoners may all also be present within a prison to monitor and control the movement and activity of prisoners within the facility.
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Minimum-security prisons are designed to house low-risk, first-time offenders convicted of nonviolent crimes. These institutions sometimes function as transitional housing for prisoners from maximum- or medium-security prisons who will soon be paroled. In 1998 minimum-security facilities made up about one-fifth of all U.S. prison space. About one-quarter of federal facilities in Canada are minimum-security.
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Many diverse factors therefore contribute to the crisis in South African prisons. Although many may blame the Department of Correctional Services for the severe overcrowding in prisons, it is evident that this is a problem that emanates from the criminal justice system as a whole. The Department needs to provide a better environment for prisoners, particularly recreational facilities and must improve its methods of reintegrating prisoners into the community.
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About one-fifth of all female inmates are housed in co-ed facilities—that is, prisons that accommodate both male and female offenders. Interaction between male and female inmates at coed prisons is minimal and men and women share only certain vocational, technical, or educational resources and recreational facilities. Female inmates are housed in units that are entirely separate from units for male inmates during evening hours.
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Industry supporters, on the other hand, argue that through innovation in prison design and operation, private prisons are made safer than public facilities. Proponents argue that the profit motive creates incentives for safety, as violent disturbances in facilities leads to greater costs in the long run (Lissner et al, 1998) . A safe prison, they argue, is a profitable prison.
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Such action steps are urgently required to improve the nutritional services in South African prisons. Therefore, the lack of modern facilities and staff, together with the problem of overcrowding, throughout Pollsmoor and other prisons in South Africa, create further problems as prisoners try to cope with life in such institutions.
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