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Presbyterianism: Presbyteries
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The glory of confessional Presbyterianism is the same as the glory of the creedal Reformed faith. The Presbyterianism of the Westminster Standards and the Reformed faith of the "Three Forms of Unity" are confessional Calvinism. And the glory of confessional Calvinism is the glory of God in the sovereignty of His particular love.
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Although the theology of Presbyterianism is characterized by diversity today, Calvin’s theology serves as a central source. His most important and influential work is Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536), which he revised throughout his life. The last edition (1559) has been the most widely used.
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- John Calvin, called the father of Presbyterianism, converted to Protestantism in 1533. He interpreted the Bible as the revelation of God, emphasizing theology, worship, education, thrift, ethical behavior, and representative government for his followers. From his home city, Geneva, Calvin's ideas spread throughout Europe.
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After the Restoration the determination of the government to put down Presbyterianism was speedily felt in Ireland. In 1661 the lords justices forbade all unlawful assemblies, and in these they included meetings of presbytery as exercising ecclesiastical jurisdiction not warranted by the law. Bishop Jeremy Taylor was forward in this work of persecution. The ministers refused to take the Oath of Supremacy without the qualification suggested by Usher. Their parishes were declared vacant, and episcopal clergy appointed to them. The ejected ministers were forbidden to preach or administer the sacraments.
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"This commemorative volume of the three-hundredth anniversary of the first Presbytery in America is a fitting tribute to the vitality and diversity of Presbyterianism over three centuries. The contributors are all experts who bring their knowledge to bear on the figures and events that shaped a dominant spiritual force through the early colonies. This unique book will be valued by those who recognize the theological, ecclesiastical, and cultural significance of Presbyterianism. They will frequently consult it, delighting in it as a rich resource for describing themes that emerged in colonial times and which, in varied ways, are of ongoing significance today."
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In this manner Presbyterianism was driven underground yet the, ministers did not desert their people, but continued their ministrations to them in the barns and silent glens as they had opportunity. Some of the younger men with stubborn spirit called the people to great meetings on the hillsides by day and by night and in so doing, attracted such attention from those in authority that they were forced to flee the country.
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