LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Premarin: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
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Premarin is a mixtureof estrogensisolated from mare'surine(PRE[G]nant MARes' urINe) made by WyethPharmaceuticals. Premarin has been one of the most widely used drugs in the United States of America. Premarin became the form of estrogen most commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. The major forms of estrogen in Premarin are estrone(>50%), equilin(15-25%) and equilenin. The estrogens in Premarin are often called "conjugated equine estrogens" (CEE) because the estrogen moleculesare generally present with hydrophilicside-groups attached such as sulfate. Thus, estrone sulfateis actually the major molecule in Premarin.
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Premarin was first marketed for menopause in 1942. It's approval was based on clinical studies certifying the safety of the product for its intended use. In 1962, Congress passed a new law which authorized the FDA to certify a drug's efficacy, as well as its safety. Drugs approved before that time, like Premarin, were required to submit a supplemental application demonstrating efficacy to the FDA. Premarin tablets were certified by the FDA as effective for treating menopause in 1972. In 1986, based on studies conducted by Wyeth, the FDA approved Premarin for treatment of osteoporosis.
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The maker of Premarin, Wyeth-Ayerst, a drug division of global giant American Home Products, and the PMU industry insist that the manufacture of Premarin is not cruel, but just a form of profitable horse husbandry. You be the judge.
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Premarin was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1942 and is made by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. Side effects of Premarin use include, but may not be limited to, sharp chest or lower leg (calf) pain, breast lumps, severe headache, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, severe stomach pain or swelling, abnormal vaginal bleeding, mild dizziness, nausea and fluid retention.
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In 1970, Premarin's composition had been validated by a non-governmental panel called the United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USPC). The USPC is the keeper of a chemical compendium that lists all the components of a drug, both active ingredients and impurities. Since the FDA clearly did not require generic companies to include impurities in its products, it made sense to tell the USPC only about newly-discovered active ingredients. And if Wyeth wanted to get the FDA to require a generic company to add any newly-discovered estrogen, it would have to convince the USPC that it indeed performed as promised.
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