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Power (Physics)
built 634 days ago
The Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR), a specially designed facility for building and testing a variety of types of reactors, goes operational at Argonne National Laboratory-West in Idaho. Equipped with a large inventory of materials from which any reactor could be assembled in a few weeks, ZPPR operates at very low power, so the materials do not become highly radioactive and can be reused many times. Nuclear reactors can be built and tested in ZPPR for about 0.1% of the capital cost of construction of the whole power plant.
Finland's new nuclear power plant Some two dozen power plants are scheduled to be built or refurbished during the next five years in Canada, China, several European Union countries, India, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, and South Africa. In the US and the UK, governmental preparations are under way that may lead to 15 new reactor orders by 2007.
Power electronics originated at the beginning of this century. Many technical articles and several books on the subject were published during the period from 1930-1947. These dealt primarily with the application of grid-controlled gas-filled tubes. Because of the limitations of the mercury-arcrectifier and gas-filled thyratrons, only a relatively limited number of equipments were manufactured.
With prospects in the nuclear power industry appearing much brighter than they were even five years ago, physicists are likely to find themselves in increasing demand. The nuclear field is of worldwide importance and is one of the few areas where physicists can actually use their skills outside academia. Knowledge of the materials science and heat transfer inside a reactor can be just as important as knowing about nuclear reactions and neutron physics, topics that are taught on postgraduate masters courses (see Physics World April 2006 pp42–43, print version only).
Girl Got Game (originally published inJapanas Power!!) is amangabyShizuru Seinoabout a girl forced to pretend to be a boy. The manga (originally published in Japan byKodansha) has been translated intoEnglishand is available inNorth AmericafromTOKYOPOP, which completed the domestic translation of all 10 volumes in August2005.
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When semiconductors are used in high-power applications, they are generally operated as switches. There are only a very few exceptions to this, such as linear amplifiers and series or shunt transistor-regulated linear power supplies. When the semiconductor is used as a switch, it is possible to control large amounts of power to a load with a relatively low power dissipation in the switching device. For example, in an ideal switch with zero voltage drop when "on," zero leakage current when "off," and zero switching time, there is no power dissipation in the switching device regardless of the on-state voltage drop across the switching devices limits the on-state current because of device dissipation limits. All practical power semiconductor devices ... have a limited off-state voltage rating. When high-frequency switching is employed, there also may be significant switching loss due to the large instantaneous device power dissipation because of the finite times of practical power semiconductors.
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