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Poseidon: Seas
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One of the major deities in Greek mythology, Poseidon was the supreme ruler of the seas. The Romans called him Neptune. An awesome, unruly, and powerful god, Poseidon was associated with storms, earthquakes, and some other violent forces of nature. When angry, he could stir the sea to a fury. But he could ... calm the raging waters with just a glance. One of his titles, Enosichthon (Earth-shaker), reflected his ability to cause earthquakes by striking the earth and mountains with his trident.
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As Poseidon was the god of the sea, the navigators said that he was their protector. Poseidon built a beautiful palace in the profundity of the sea for the woman who became his wife. He was looking for a woman who wanted to marry him. In that moment was when he knew Amphitrite, who was a nymph of the sea and who later on got married with him. They had two daughters and the sea god Triton. Poseidon was an ambitious god, he always wanted to have more power than the others.
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Poseidon gained control of the sea by drawing lots with Zeus and Hades. He ... controlled lakes and freshwater springs. Poseidon challenged other gods and goddesses to become the patron god of certain cities. For example, Poseidon challenged Athena, Zeus’s daughter, for the city of Athens. Poseidon offered a spring of seawater to the people, while Athena offered olive trees. In one version of the story, the Athenians voted for Athena because of the usefulness of the olive trees.
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Poseidon rode the waves in a swift chariot drawn by golden sea horses. He used his mighty trident not only to provoke earthquakes and stir ocean waves but ... to raise new land from beneath the sea or cause existing land to sink below the waters. Although often helpful to humans—protecting sailors at sea, guiding ships to safety, and filling nets with fish—Neptune could be a terrifying figure as well. Quick to anger, he directed his fury at anyone who acted against him or failed to show proper respect.
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In the Classical period, Poseidon was mainly connected with the sea, earthquakes, the horse, and men's associations. In Homer's Iliad, most commonly dated from the eighth century BCE, Poseidon is pictured as the ruler of the sea. When he drives over the waves, his chariot remains dry and the monsters of the deep play beneath him: "They know their lord" (Iliad 12.28). In the post-Homeric period, he was not so much the god of the sailors as of the fisherman, whose tool, the trident, became his symbol.
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Poseidon is married to one of the Nereids, the sea goddess Amphitrite. Their offspring is innumerable. He has ... had many love affairs with goddesses as well as mortal females. With Cleito he fathers Atlas, with Medusa he is the father of Chysaor and Pegasus, with Tero he has Pelias and Neleus.
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