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Political Parties: Democratic Party
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There are many possible reasons for the underdevelopment of Russia's political parties. First, there is only a very short history of democracy in Russia. Russia's democracy has a history of nine years. Russians still distrust their parties and there are still many people who do not identify with any party. Most parties in Russia are under the control of a few celebrities or manipulated by powerful industrial groups. After nine years, there has been no serious change to the parties' relations with society.
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Hong Kong democratic parties originated in the political pressure groups formed in the 1970s as the colonial government started to democratise the political structure for the development of a representative government. The pro-China parties, as well as the parties of the business elite, were established in the 1990s to create a counterweight to the democrats following the landslide victory of the latter in the 1991 Legislative Council (Legco).
[T]he political parties in Poland represent a broad range of public consensus, with groups which may be classified as social-democratic, liberal, conservative, national, rural-interest, or populist. There are ... radical groups with a negligible amount of public sympathy. Some observers of the Polish political scene have endeavoured to define a traditional division into left-wing, right-wing, and centre, but in practice very few of the existing parties may be accurately described in terms of such definitions.
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In a free society, differences of political sentiment result in different political parties. These sentiments resolve themselves naturally into two basic parties: the authoritarian (or monarchist, tory, etc.) that favors government that controls the people, and the democratic (or republican, liberal, etc.) that favors government controlled by the people. The body of the nation chooses a path that is mapped by one or the other of these parties.
Training and Capacity Building: International IDEA will develop training modules that respond to the needs of political parties. It will ... establish a network of political party trainers who are able to provide training both in English and /or a local language as required.
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Suryadinata notes that in non-Western societies, standard Western definitions of political parties have limited usage. He urges that the criteria for should be the functions of an organization should be the essential aspect and that an organization might have the functions of a political party without formally identifying itself as a political party.[5]
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