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Plotinus: Rome Plotinus
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Plotinus was born AD 205,, Lyco, or Lycopolis, Egypt? d. 270, Campania ancient philosopher, the centre of an influential circle of intellectuals and men of letters in 3rd-century Rome, who is regarded by modern scholars as the founder of the Neoplatonic school of philosophy.
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Under the auspices of the Emperor Gallienus, Plotinus became extremely influential throughout the Roman Empire and for a time it seemed as if he mission would succeed. At one point the Emperor agreed to let him build a second city near Rome, based on Plato's Republic, to be called Platonopolis. It would have been the center for the new philosophical revival. but then, suddenly, for reasons unknown, the Emperor withdrew the offer. Plotinus turned instead to writing.
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Upon his arrival in Rome, Plotinus began to take students, and his influence in the city soon became great among both professional philosophers and other intellectuals. The emperor Gallienus held Plotinus in such high esteem that he considered founding a philosophers' city in Campania on the ruined site of an early Pythagorean settlement. Plotinus's habits of life were austere. He ate and slept only as much as necessary, and he never married. When he fell ill late in life, he left Rome and retired to Campania, where he died.
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The main activity of Plotinus, to which he devoted most of his time and energy, was his teaching and, after his first 10 years in Rome, his writing. There was nothing academic or highly organized about his "school," though his method of teaching was rather scholastic. He would have passages read from commentaries on Plato or Aristotle by earlier philosophers and then expound his own views. The meetings... were friendly and informal, and Plotinus encouraged unlimited discussion. Difficulties, once raised, had to be discussed until they were solved.
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At the end of that time Plotinus determined to visit Persia and India so that he could study the Eastern philosophies at first hand. At the age of thirty-nine he joined the army of the Emperor Gordian and went with him to the Far East. After the destruction of Gordian's army Plotinus returned to Antioch and finally went to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Philip. (A.D. 244-249.)
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Plotinus (205-270), born and raised in Egypt, studied philosophy in Alexandria. After briefly joining the Roman expedition in 244 against the Persians with the idea of learning about Eastern philosophies, he settled in Rome where he single-handedly tried to revive the classical Hellenistic philosophy as an antidote to the ruin and misery of the crumbling world around him. Because it was based on the views of Plato, the philosophical movement which Plotinus founded came to be called Neoplatonism.
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